Pain assessment in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy by midline or lateral celiotomy through use of a previously validated multidimensional composite pain scale

Oliveira, Jéssica Pecene; Mencalha, Rodrigo; Sousa, Carlos Augusto dos Santos; Figueiredo, Marcelo Abidú; Jorge, Síria da Fonseca

doi:10.1590/s0102-8650201400160002

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Studies have suggested that cats neutered by the flank approach tend to suffer from more postoperative pain than cats subjected to midline incision. 25–27 In another study, no significant difference was found in postoperative pain between midline and flank groups. 28 In the present study, the flank approach was used and we hypothesised our control cats experienced more pain than cats given an NSAID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative respiratory and heart rate in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy

Höglund

Dyall²,

Gräsman³

et al. 2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The use of physiological parameters such as respiratory rate and heart rate to assess pain has long been discussed. The aim of the study was to compare postoperative respiratory rate and heart rate in cats subjected to flank ovariohysterectomy treated with a preoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or no NSAID, and determine whether these parameters are suitable for postoperative pain assessment in cats. We hypothesised that cats without an NSAID would experience more postoperative pain, which may increase heart rate and respiratory rate. Methods A total of 168 female privately owned cats were studied. All cats were premedicated with medetomidine (0.08 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) subcutaneously and anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular ketamine (5 mg/kg). Cats were divided into subgroups; controls (no NSAID) or cats given an NSAID, carprofen (4 mg/kg) or meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg), at premedication or induction of anaesthesia. Cats were subjected to flank ovariohysterectomy by the same surgeon. Atipamezole was administered 2.5 h after induction of anaesthesia. Respiratory rate and heart rate were measured 3.5 h after the induction of anaesthesia. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with mixed procedure and Tukey's adjustment method for multiplicity. Results The postoperative respiratory rate and heart rate per minute for all cats were 34.0 ± 8.6 and 167.5 ± 27.4, respectively. Neither respiratory rate nor heart rate differed significantly between the control group and the NSAID groups or between different time points of administration of NSAIDs. Conclusion and relevance Assuming there was less postoperative pain in the group administered NSAIDs, the results of the study presented no support for use of respiratory rate and heart rate as parameters for postoperative pain assessment in individual cats. Study limitations included a lack of pain scoring and baseline data for respiratory rate and heart rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative respiratory and heart rate in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy

Höglund

Dyall²,

Gräsman³

et al. 2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Two pain scales were used to assess cats postoperatively. In the first phase of the study, a modified UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS) 9,10 and a 0–10 numeric pain rating scale (NRS) 11 were used. Physiological variables (subscale 3) of the MCPS, including arterial blood pressure and appetite, were not measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of targeted bupivacaine for reducing acute postoperative pain in cats undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy

Fudge¹,

Page²,

Mackrell³

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives This study sought to determine if bupivacaine targeted at specific, potentially painful sites could enhance postoperative analgesia in routine feline ovariohysterectomies. A secondary objective was to assess the utility of multiple acute pain scales for cats in a high-volume surgery setting. Methods Two hundred and twelve cats were included in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Anesthesia included buprenorphine, ketamine, dexmedetomidine and isoflurane. A ventral midline ovariohysterectomy was performed and cats were administered bupivacaine (2 mg/kg), placebo control (0.9% saline) or sham control (observation only) intraoperatively at the ovarian suspensory ligaments and vessels, uterine body and incisional subcutaneous tissues. Two pain scales were used to assess cats postoperatively. Initially, a multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS) and a 0–10 numeric pain rating scale (NRS) were used. Subsequently, the MCPS was replaced with a modified Colorado State University Feline Acute Pain Scale (mCSU). Pain scores for the test groups were compared using a one-way ANOVA and a Holm–Bonferroni post hoc analysis when a difference was found ( P <0.05). Results Pain for the bupivacaine group was lower than the control groups at 1 h post-recovery and discharge, attaining significance with higher body weights. The P values were 0.008 and 0.004 for 1 h post-recovery and discharge, respectively. Pain scores between evaluators for the MCPS and NRS correlated poorly with r values for 1 h post-recovery and discharge of −0.08 and 0.22, respectively. Additionally, the MCPS proved difficult to use and time consuming, especially for feral and fractious patients, and was replaced with the mCSU. Conclusions and relevance Targeted bupivacaine reduced early postoperative pain scores following routine feline ovariohysterectomies. The technique used was simple, requiring just over a minute to perform at minimal additional cost. The MCPS was not ideal for use in a high-volume spay setting.

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“…Paper 3: Pain assessment in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy by midline or lateral celiotomy through use of a previously validated multidimensional composite pain scale 4 …”

Section: Summary Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies found the flank approach to have a significantly higher pain score on the day of surgery. However, the cats in one of these studies 4 did not receive analgesia routinely used in the UK, so this difference may not be clinically significant in UK patients.…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midline versus flank approach for spaying cats – is one less painful than the other?

Merritt

Collinson

2020

Veterinary Record

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• There is no clear evidence that a flank incision is more or less painful than a midline incision when spaying cats. However, the surgeon's preference and individual patient circumstances should be considered when choosing which approach to take. Clinical scenario Dr Perry brings her ive-month-old female domestic shorthair kitten, Kylie, in to be spayed. She has read on the internet that cats can be spayed using either a midline or a lank incision. She is very concerned about Kylie being in pain and asks you which is the least painful surgical option for Kylie. You wonder if one approach is less painful than the other.

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Pain assessment in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy by midline or lateral celiotomy through use of a previously validated multidimensional composite pain scale

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative respiratory and heart rate in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative respiratory and heart rate in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy

Evaluation of targeted bupivacaine for reducing acute postoperative pain in cats undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy

Midline versus flank approach for spaying cats – is one less painful than the other?

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