Analgesic comparison of systemic lidocaine, morphine or lidocaine plus morphine infusion in dogs undergoing fracture repair

Abstract

Intellectual and scientific content of the study, statistical analysis, critical revision. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of lidocaine, morphine and lidocaine plus morphine administered by constant rate infusion (CRI) and analyzing their effects on opioid requirements after orthopedic surgery in dogs. METHODS:Twenty-four dogs underwent fracture repairs were premedicated with IM acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) combined with morphine (0.3mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4 to 5 mg/ kg) and maintained with isoflurane. The dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups and administered a CRI IV of lidocaine (T-L), morphine (T-M) or lidocaine plus morphine (T-LM) at the same doses. Postoperative analgesia was assessed for 24 hours using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS). Rescue analgesia was performed if the evaluation score exceeded 50% of the VAS and/or 33% of the GCPS. RESULTS:The pain score and postoperative opioid requirements did not differ among the treatments. Rescue analgesia was administered to 1/8 dogs in the T-M and T-LM, and to 3/8 dogs in the T-L. CONCLUSION:Lidocaine, morphine or lidocaine/morphine CRI may be efficacious techniques for pain management in the first 24 hours post-surgery. However, the two drugs administered together did not reduce the postoperative opioid requirement in dogs undergoing fracture repair.

Sustained Release of Levobupivacaine, Lidocaine, and Acemetacin from Electrosprayed Microparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

“…There are currently several kinds of treatments for fracture pain, such as oral medication, ice pack therapy, topical anesthetics, and injectable anesthetics. However, most of these do not relieve pain for more than one day, a short period that is far away from the need of serious injuries, such as bone fractures [19]. For example, intolerable pain may persist for as long as 1-2 months for a simple fracture without surgical fixation.…”

“…Consequently, the local delivery of adequate doses of analgesics to the target site represents a better strategy for pain relief. Among other analgesics, several studies indicate that lidocaine, bupivacaine, and NSAIDs infusions can effectively reduce pain [6,[19][20][21]. Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide.…”

“…Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide. This anesthetic is usually used for local anesthesia, including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural, and intrathecal anesthesia [3,12,[19][20][21][22][23]. Acemetacin, on the other hand, is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other types of rheumatoid inflammation, as well as in post-operative and post-traumatic pain [21].…”

“…Acemetacin, on the other hand, is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other types of rheumatoid inflammation, as well as in post-operative and post-traumatic pain [21]. Finally, lidocaine is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug [6,19,20]. Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of lidocaine, levobupivacaine, and acemetacin.…”

Immediate postoperative evaluation of enteric anastomosis after the use of meloxicam in rats

“…Four hours after the surgery, all animals received 2 mg/kg of subcutaneous morphine 36 , which was maintained every 12 hours for three days. During the postoperative period, the animals were clinically evaluated to identify pain and signs of infection.…”