Description of a new experimental model skin flap for studying skin viability in rats

Camargo, Cristina Pires; Margarido, Nelson Fontana; Guandelini, Eduardo; Vieira, Guilherme Alexandre Barrucci; Jácomo, Alfredo Luiz; Gemperli, Rolf

doi:10.1590/s0102-86502014000300004

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Skin flaps based on random blood supply are frequently indicated for the surgical treatment of skin and soft tissue defects, but are at high risk for ischemia and distal necrosis due to low axial blood flow 1,7,8 . In fact, tissue ischemia is a postoperative complication that can cause partial or full thickness skin flap necrosis with unsatisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is hypothesized that this neurotoxin could inhibit the release of the neurotransmitter at the vascular neuromuscular junction by blocking the presynaptic release of acetylcholine 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, modalities that specifically target the flap have shown mixed results [5][6][7] . Experimental models of skin flap necrosis have been employed to study the clinical conditions that increase risk 8 as well as to evaluate strategies that improve flap survival, such as vasodilators [9][10][11] . Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in skin flap viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats

et al. 2015

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PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) on skin flap viability in healthy, tobacco-exposed and diabetic rats. METHODS:Ninety male Wistar rats (250-300g) were randomly divided into six groups: control+saline (C1), control+BoNTA (C2), tobacco-exposed+saline (T1), tobacco-exposed+BoNTA (T2) diabetes+saline (D1) and diabetes+BoNTA (D2). A dorsal cutaneous flap (3×10cm) was performed. Survival area and total area of the flaps were measured. Lumen diameter, external arterial diameter and lumen/wall thickness ratio were recorded. RESULTS:Survival area increased in control group with BoNTA injection compared with control animals injected with saline (C2 x C1; 0.9±0.1 vs 0.67±0.15, p= 0.001). A similar result was found in diabetes group injected with BontA (D2 x D1; 0.97±0.2 vs 0.61±0.24, p=0.018). No difference was observed in skin flap viability in tobacco-exposed groups (T2 x T1; 0.74±0.24 vs 0.64±0.21, p=0.871).Lumen diameter (p= 0.004), external arterial diameter (p = 0.0046,) and lumen/wall thickness ratio (p= 0.003) were increased in diabetes+BoNTA-treated animals. This effect was not observed in control or in tobacco-exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS:Botulinum toxin A increased skin flap viability in control and diabetic rats on the seventh post-operative day.Increased lumen diameter, external arterial diameter, and lumen/wall thickness ratio were observed in the diabetes+BoNTA group.BoNTA had no effect in the tobacco-exposed group on the seventh postoperative day.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats

et al. 2015

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“…Skin flaps are used in the reconstruction of soft tissues and large wound defects. This technique has been employed in plastic surgery, and its efficacy is dependent on the location of the wound and extent of the defect [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) and Its Topical Applications: A Review

Macedo

Santos

Militão

et al. 2020

Plants

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Topical application is an important administration route for drugs requiring local action on the skin, thereby avoiding their systemic absorption and adverse side effects. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), popularly known as rosemary, is an aromatic plant with needle-like leaves belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary has therapeutic properties and has been used in the folk medicine, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, mainly for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of carnosol/carnosic and ursolic acids. The therapeutic use of rosemary has been explored for the treatment of inflammatory diseases; however, other uses have been studied, such as wound healing and skin cancer and mycoses treatments, among others. Besides it therapeutic uses, rosemary has potential applications in cosmetic formulations and in the treatment of pathological and non-pathological conditions, such as cellulite, alopecia, ultraviolet damage, and aging. This review aims to critically discuss the topical applications of rosemary found in the literature while also offering relevant information for the development of topical formulations of its bioactive compounds.

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“…The reperfusion period, which occurs after ischemia, causes the restoration of blood flow and oxygen influx in the ischemic tissue and can finalize in cellular, inflammatory, and metabolic changes in the living cell. These changes caused by free radicals execute structural and functional alterations in the cell and may contribute to tissue necrosis [5]. This process can be prevented or decelerated with the use of antioxidant drugs that decrease the toxic metabolites responsible for tissue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Antioxidants on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Flap Surgery

Bozkurt¹,

Sezgiç²,

Karakol³

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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Flap surgery has wide use in plastic surgery in the closure of tissue defects. In spite of the major advances in plastic surgery in the past years, flap surgery is still associated with significant mortality. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a complex injury associated with flap blood flow, is one of the most important causes of flap failure. The main pathophysiology underneath I/R injury is associated with reactive oxygen species, which can be prevented by certain antioxidant applications. Antioxidants have been widely used in flap surgery and I/R injury previously. There have been a lot of articles showing positive effects of antioxidants on I/R injury. In this chapter, we focus the mechanism of I/R injury and how antioxidants can able to diminish the damage, moreover demonstrating the effect of certain antioxidants on I/R injury that has been investigated previously.

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Description of a new experimental model skin flap for studying skin viability in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats

Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) and Its Topical Applications: A Review

The Effect of Antioxidants on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Flap Surgery

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