Study on nano-structured hydroxyapatite/zirconia stabilized yttria on healing of articular cartilage defect in rabbit

Abstract

PURPOSE: Articular Cartilage has limited potential for self-repair and tissue engineering approaches attempt to repair articular cartilage by scaffolds. We hypothesized that the combined hydroxyapatite and zirconia stabilized yttria would enhance the quality of cartilage healing. METHODS:In ten New Zealand white rabbits bilateral full-thickness osteochondral defect, 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm depth, was created on the articular cartilage of the patellar groove of the distal femur. In group I the scaffold was implanted into the right stifle and the same defect was created in the left stifle without any transplant (group II). Specimens were harvested at 12 weeks after implantation, examined histologically for morphologic features, and stained immunohistochemically for type-II collagen. RESULTS:In group I the defect was filled with a white translucent cartilage tissue In contrast, the defects in the group II remained almost empty. In the group I, the defects were mostly filled with hyaline-like cartilage evidenced but defects in group II were filled with fibrous tissue with surface irregularities. Positive immunohistochemical staining of type-II collagen was observed in group I and it was absent in the control group. CONCLUSION:The hydroxyapatite/yttria stabilized zirconia scaffold would be an effective scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.

Current concepts: tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in the ankle joint

“…gellan gum, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, hydroxyapatite, collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid) [117], few have been used in ankle lesions, probably due to the lack of studies in the field of ankle tissue regeneration. Table 1 [5,53,93,118–127,129,130,132–140,142–145,147–151] summarizes the most important reports on polymers, ceramics and composites that have been used as scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration. …”

“…It improved chondrocytic differentiation to produce more hyaline-like tissue [143]ceramicschemical structurepropertiesexamples of proposed applicationshydroxyapatiteCa 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 it presents high biocompatibility, but low strength and fracture toughness, which may be a problem in OCD engineering. The osteocondutive properties of hydroxyapatite-based materials can be improved by manipulation of the structural characteristicsimplants load with BMSCs have proved to be useful in bone repair of sheep long bones [144]trilayered scaffold with collagen and hydroxyapatite used on osteochondral regeneration in the femoral condyles of the sheep [145,146]composed with zirconia has been proved to be an effective scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering [147]aragoniteCa(CO 3 )it is a biological material very similar to bone, including its three-dimensional structure and pore interconnections that confer osteoconductive ability. Nevertheless, the native material does not regenerate hyaline cartilagearagonite–hyaluronate bi-phasic scaffold showed cartilage regenerative potential in a goat model [148]tricalcium phosphateCa 3 (PO 4 ) 2 it is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid, widely used as a synthetic alternative owing to their chemical similarity to the mineral part of the bone.…”

Tri-layered composite plug for the repair of osteochondral defects: in vivo study in sheep

“…18,19 Previously explored natural materials for this purpose include collagen, 20 chitosan, 21 hyaluronan, 22 and alginate. 23 A vast number of materials including poly(lactic acid) (PLA), 24 poly(lactic-glycolic acid) (PLGA), 23,25 poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), 26 poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), 27 β-TCP, 28 and hydroxyapatite (HA) 29 have been used in the repair of cartilage and osteochondral defects. Furthermore, issues such as the poor cell attachment property of some synthetic polymers have been overcome by surface modifications with materials such as chondroitin sulfate 30 and chitosan.…”

Applications of nanomaterials in mechano-sensitive tissues

“…Metal and bioceramics materials hybrid combinations have also begun to be investigated for cartilaginous repair [92]. Certain metallic materials have shown to have osteoinductive characteristics and good biocompatibility and hence have been investigated for cartilage engineering.…”

“…Certain metallic materials have shown to have osteoinductive characteristics and good biocompatibility and hence have been investigated for cartilage engineering. Nanostructured HA with zirconia has shown to repair the articular cartilage defects in rabbits [92]. Titanium has been used in surgical practice for a long-term to replace cartilaginous defects.…”