Effect of cervical sympathetic block on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

He, Chuan; Ou, Shan; Liu, Guodong; Nie, Hongguang; Feng, Yun

doi:10.1590/s0102-86502013000200001

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…SGB may improve the facial blood flow and microcirculation on the blocked side, thus, SGB is effective for treating acute and chronic peripheral facial nerve palsy [17,18] . In fact, SGB may have a therapeutic role in patients where cerebral insufficiency can be attributed to cerebral vasospasm [19] , and can improve cerebral blood flow and neural function recovery in rabbits with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Facial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Luo

He²,

Wu³

et al. 2015

Eur Neurol

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Background/Aims: The conventional systemic corticosteroid treatment for acute peripheral facial nerve palsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can induce hyperglycemia, and an alternative local therapy may be necessary. Our purpose in this study is to evaluate therapeutic effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on facial nerve palsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 361 cases of acute peripheral, chronic peripheral, acute central and chronic central facial nerve palsy treated with SGB or conventional therapy were included in this retrospective study. The facial nerve function score (Sunnybrook Facial Grading System) obtained at before and after treatment in non-SGB and SGB groups was used to assess the outcome. Furthermore, the blood glucose level in acute peripheral facial nerve palsy was measured. Results: The facial nerve function score in the SGB group was higher than that in the non-SGB group after treatment in peripheral facial nerve palsy, while the blood glucose level in the non-SGB group increased and was higher than that in the SGB group during the treatment in acute peripheral facial nerve palsy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SGB has better therapeutic effect than conventional treatment on acute and chronic peripheral facial nerve palsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Facial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Luo

He²,

Wu³

et al. 2015

Eur Neurol

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“…Cervical sympathetic block can relieve cerebral vasospasm after SAH and increase NO content and NOS activity in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid to promote neural functional recovery (19).…”

Section: █ Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive role of external carotid artery vasospasm on cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study

Ng¹,

Aydın²,

Yolaş³

et al. 2016

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to a devastating neurological outcome by inducing cerebral ischemia. However the role of external carotid artery (ECA) vasospasm has been rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of ECA vasospasm on cerebral ischemia related neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex after SAH. mATERIAl and mEThODS:This study was performed on 23 rabbits, divided into three groups: control (n=5), sham (n=5), and SAH (n=13). Experimental SAH was performed by injecting 0.75 mL auricular arterial homologous blood into the cisterna magna. After three weeks, the animals were decapitated and the common carotid arteries with their external and internal branches and the brains were examined histopathologically. Vasospasm indexes (VSI) of ECAs and internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and degenerated glial cell numbers of temporal cortices (n/mm 3 ) were estimated stereologically and the results were compared statistically. CONClUSION: ECA vasospasm was observed to have a more important predictive role on the serious cerebral ischemia and neuronal degeneration after SAH. The mechanism may be related to ischemia of the parasympathetic ganglia of the lower cranial nerves and dorsal root ganglion. RESUlTS

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“…Animal models and a limited case series have suggested a beneficial effect to ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion blockade with local anesthetics in terms of improved cerebral perfusion. 110,111 However, no clinical trials have been performed to confirm its efficacy.…”

Section: Cervical Sympathetic Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Arterial Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Dusick

Gonzalez

2014

Semin Neurol

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Despite recent advances, cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) still represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In general, aSAH affects 30,000 North Americans annually, representing 5 to 10% of all cases of stroke, primarily affecting individuals aged 40 to 60 years although it can occur at all ages. 1,2 Although aSAH is less common than ischemic forms of stroke, it commonly affects younger patients and therefore is often associated with an even greater impact in terms of productive life years lost and higher medical costs in both the acute and follow-up periods. 3,4 Although a significant portion of the morbidity and mortality associated with aSAH is related to the initial hemorrhagic ictus, cerebral vasospasm and its related cerebral injury, which typically occurs within 3 to 7 days of hemorrhage and can last through 21 days posthemorrhage, 5 is still the leading cause of poor outcomes and death in the acute posthemorrhage period, causing long-term disability or death in more than one in five of all patients who have suffered aSAH and initially survived. 6 Following aSAH, angiographically detectable vasospasm of the cerebral arteries occurs in 50 to 90% of patients. 7 Approximately two-thirds of aSAH patients will suffer from vasospasm that is at least moderate in severity. Although some of these cases will remain asymptomatic, of these, approximately half will become symptomatic and half of these will develop neuroimaging findings of cerebral infarction, correlating strongly with poor outcomes in these individuals. 8 Although recent advances in the acute management of patients following aSAH have reduced the incidence of these poor outcomes related to cerebral vasospasm, it still remains a leading cause of clinical deterioration and poor outcomes following aSAH. Most recent studies demonstrate an overall risk of death and AbstractDespite recent advances, cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) still represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Although a significant portion of the morbidity and mortality associated with aSAH is related to the initial hemorrhagic ictus, cerebral vasospasm and DCI are still the leading cause of poor outcomes and death in the acute posthemorrhage period, causing long-term disability or death in more than one in five of all patients who have suffered aSAH and initially survived. Management of patients following aSAH includes four major considerations: (1) prediction of patients at highest risk for development of DCI, (2) prophylactic measures to reduce its occurrence, (3) monitoring to detect early signs of cerebral ischemia, and (4) treatments to correct vasospasm and cerebral ischemia once it occurs. The authors review the pertinent literature related to each, including both the current management guidelines supported by the literature as well as novel management strategies that are currently being investigated.

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Effect of cervical sympathetic block on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

The Therapeutic Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Facial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Therapeutic Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Facial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Predictive role of external carotid artery vasospasm on cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study

Management of Arterial Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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