Effect of the period of extrinsic mechanical compression following sclerotherapy in veins in rabbit ears

Abstract

Purpose:Research whether a post-sclerotherapy venous compression period of up to 120 hours is sufficient to avoid reperfusion in treated veins; whether there is a relationship between the inflammatory intensity in venous walls and adjacent tissue and the size of venous thrombosis; whether the intensity of the post-sclerotherapy inflammation varies with the period of compression; whether there is a relationship between the presence of hemosiderin in the tissues adjacent to the sclerosing blood vessels and venous blood clots. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits, all male, were utilized, distributed into four groups (0, 24, 72 and 120). All the animals were administered with 0.25 ml of 1% polidoconal solution and, as a control, 0.25 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the marginal dorsal vein of the right and left ears, respectively. Mechanical compression was applied to the perfused stretch of the vein, except for the animals in group 0. The period of compression varied from 0 to 120 hours in the groups. An anatomopathological examination of the section of the right and left marginal dorsal veins of all the animals was conducted. Results: There was no significant difference among the various compression periods, both in terms of the degree of vein thrombosis and in the inflammatory intensity in both ears of the various groups. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the inflammatory intensity and the size of the thrombus and in the occurrence of thrombi and hemosiderin. Conclusions: A compression period of up to 120 hours is not sufficient to prevent reperfusion in sclerosing blood vessels. The intensity of tissue inflammation is related to the size of the thrombus, but not to the compression period. The presence of hemosiderin in the tissues adjacent to the vessels subjected to sclerosis is related to the presence of venous coagulation. Key words: Sclerotherapy. Sclerosing Solutions. Varicose Veins. Animal Experimentation. Academic Dissertations. Rabbits. RESUMOObjetivo: Pesquisar se o tempo de compressão venosa de até 120 horas pós-escleroterapia é suficiente para evitar reperfusão nas veias tratadas; se há relação entre a intensidade inflamatória na parede venosa e tecidos adjacentes e o tamanho do trombo venoso; se a intensidade da inflamação pós-escleroterapia varia com o tempo de compressão; se há relação entre a presença de hemossiderina nos tecidos adjacentes ao vaso esclerosado e coágulo venoso. Métodos: Utilizaram-se 28 coelhos, machos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (0, 24, 72 e 120). Em todos os animais foram administrados 0,25 ml de solução de polidocanol 1% e, como controle, 0,25 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% na veia marginal dorsal das orelhas direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Realizou-se compressão mecânica em trecho da veia perfundida, exceto nos animais do grupo 0. O tempo de compressão variou de 0 a 120 horas nos grupos. Realizou-se exame anatomopatológico de trecho das veias marginais dorsais direita e esquerda de todos os animais. Resultados: Não houve dife...

Hemostasis and thrombosis beyond biochemistry: roles of geometry, flow and diffusion

“…(C) Histological staining of a classical fibrin-rich "red" venous thrombus [87]. (D) Confocal microscopy imaging of fibrin formation in the core of a platelet thrombus in a mouse arteriole: noteworthy, fibrin clot grows into the tissue as well thereby providing "roots" for the thrombus [11].…”

Beneficial effects of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, Daflon® 500 mg) on microvascular damage elicited by sclerotherapy

“…Sclerotherapy (endovenous chemical ablation) represents the treatment of choice for telangiectasia and is also indicated in the treatment of reticular and short saphenous varicose veins. 2,3 However, this procedure could induce several possible side effects such as postsclerosis hyperpigmentation, matting, or ulceration, [4][5][6][7] which should be avoided for both clinical and esthetic reasons. [7][8][9] So far no strategy has aimed to limit the inflammatory response induced by the sclerotherapeutic process.…”

“…2,3 However, this procedure could induce several possible side effects such as postsclerosis hyperpigmentation, matting, or ulceration, [4][5][6][7] which should be avoided for both clinical and esthetic reasons. [7][8][9] So far no strategy has aimed to limit the inflammatory response induced by the sclerotherapeutic process. Several clinical and experimental studies have illustrated the beneficial effects of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) for treatment of chronic venous disease (CVD) and its complications.…”

Efficacy and safety of glucose, glucose and polidocanol combination, liquid polidocanol and polidocanol foam in the treatment of reticular veins: A randomized study in rabbits

“…Therefore, extrinsic compression could contribute to vessel occlusion, in addition to reducing the rate of recanalization and complications such as phlebitis and hyperpigmentation. 22,24 Ivo et al., 18 however, studied the influence of extrinsic compression in an experimental study using liquid 1% polidocanol, not finding improvement in the rates of vessel occlusion, even when compression was maintained for 120 hours (5 days).…”

“…The model of rabbit ear is one of the most used, due to the similarity of the marginal dorsal vein of the ear of these animals with reticular veins. 15–20…”