Development of a new experimental model of intramuscular electrical stimulation of the diaphragm in rabbits

Abstract

This model has proved to be effective for studying the performance of the diaphragm under different electrical stimulations using different set of electrodes.

Technique for implanting intramuscular electrodes in the diaphragm by videolaparoscopy in pigs

“…The first experiments were performed placing the electrode using either by laparotomy 13 or laparoscopy, which…”

Effectiveness of diaphragmatic stimulation with single-channel electrodes in rabbits

“…We found that both types of electrodes were able to stimulate the diaphragm with different current intensities, producing tidal volumes that were similar to physiological volumes. ( 17 ) …”

“…We obtained the mean values for each intensity, as previously described. ( 17 ) The means were analyzed by generalized estimating equations, being corrected by the Bonferroni method. To that end, the diaphragmatic electrode wires were connected to a Dualpex 961 Phrenics current generator (Quark Medical, São Paulo, Brazil), producing a depolarized current with a rectangular waveform, a symmetric alternating pulse, a frequency of 25 Hz (cycles/s), and a burst width of 0.07 ms. We evaluated the relationship between the volume of air exhaled and the current intensity applied using a flow sensor (Tracer 5; Intermed Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil) connected to the endotracheal tube.…”

“…Observamos que ambos os tipos de eletrodos foram capazes de estimular o diafragma com diferentes intensidades de correntes, gerando volumes correntes semelhantes ao fisiológico. ( 17 ) …”

“…A média dos valores foi obtida para cada intensidade, como descrito previamente. ( 17 ) As médias foram analisadas através de equações de estimativas generalizadas, corrigidas por Bonferroni. Para isso, os fios condutores dos eletrodos diafragmáticos foram conectados a um gerador de correntes Dualpex 961 Phrenics (Quark Medical, São Paulo, Brasil), gerando uma corrente despolarizada, com forma de onda retangular, tipo de pulso alternado simétrico, frequência de 25 Hz (ciclos/s) e largura de rajada de 0,07 ms. Avaliou-se a relação entre o volume de ar expirado e a intensidade de corrente aplicada com o uso de um sensor de fluxo (Tracer 5; Intermed Ltda., São Paulo, Brasil) conectado ao tubo endotraqueal.…”