S100ß and fibroblast growth factor-2 are present in cultured Schwann cells and may exert paracrine actions on the peripheral nerve injury

Abstract

PURPOSE: The neurotrophic factor fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2, bFGF) and Ca++ binding protein S100ß are expressed by the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves and by the satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Recent studies have pointed out the importance of the molecules in the paracrine mechanisms related to neuronal maintenance and plasticity of lesioned motor and sensory peripheral neurons. Moreover, cultured Schwann cells have been employed experimentally in the treatment of central nervous system lesions, in special the spinal cord injury, a procedure that triggers an enhanced sensorymotor function. Those cells have been proposed to repair long gap nerve injury. METHODS: Here we used double labeling immunohistochemistry and Western blot to better characterize in vitro and in vivo the presence of the proteins in the Schwann cells and in the satellite cells of the DRG as well as their regulation in those cells after a crush of the rat sciatic nerve. RESULTS: FGF-2 and S100ß are present in the Schwann cells of the sciatic nerve and in the satellite cells of the DRG. S100ß positive satellite cells showed increased size of the axotomized DRG and possessed elevated amount of FGF-2 immunoreactivity. Reactive satellite cells with increased FGF-2 labeling formed a ring-like structure surrounding DRG neuronal cell bodies.Reactive S100ß positive Schwann cells of proximal stump of axotomized sciatic nerve also expressed higher amounts of FGF-2. CONCLUSION: Reactive peripheral glial cells synthesizing FGF-2 and S100ß may be important in wound repair and restorative events in the lesioned peripheral nerves.

Time-dependent differential expression of long non-coding RNAs following peripheral nerve injury

“…5A and B). Several cellular biological processes, such as dedifferentiation, demyelination, redifferentiation and remyelination, are involved in Wallerian degeneration, which results from a cut or crush injury (21–23). Furthermore, lncRNA expression in response to injury may be time-dependent.…”

“…5C). Recent studies have demonstrated that lncRNA transcription is often initiated simultaneously with the expression of their overlapping or interspersed sequences (20,21). This finding implies that the lncRNAs that are associated with adjacent genes may be involved inregulating gene expression.…”

Bridging defects in chronic spinal cord injury using peripheral nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold and enhancing regeneration through them by co-transplantation with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Case series of 14 patients

“…72 Neural multipotency has been confirmed by glial cell transformation of a subpopulation, which has become S100β positive, a marker common to astrocytes, 72 less so Schwann cells. 73 Such a neuromultipotent population is more suitable for transplantation than a fully differentiated one, because terminal differentiated neuronal cells survive detachment and subsequent transplantation procedures poorly.…”

A Synopsis on the Role of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Parkinson’s Disease

“…In view of its role in the maintenance of DA neurons, it can be considered as a potential therapeutic target of PD treatment [173, 174]. Similarly, fibroblast growth factor 2 is a trophic factor for neurons and its potential neuroprotective actions in DA neurons have been reported [175, 176]. Involved in peripheral nerve development and regeneration, its exogenous application promotes neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in cellular and animal models [177].…”