Liquid-base cytology: a new method for oestral cycle study in wistar's rats

Martins, Rand Randall; Pereira, Ney Moura Lemos; Silva, Telma Maria Araújo

doi:10.1590/s0102-86502005000700009

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The phases of the estrous cycle are identified by histological examination of vaginal smears, since this constitutes an accurate, sensitive and fast method allowing phase identification without sacrificing the animal (Martins et al, 2005). In this study, the model used showed maintenance of a regular estrous cycle, determined by vaginal smears (Duarte et al, 2005;Martins et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic osteopenia in premenopausal rats

Duarte

Rodrigues

Rezende

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The relationship between lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense and diabetic osteopenia remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship among lipid peroxidation index, antioxidant defense parameters and bone metabolism in a premenopausal diabetic model using measures including thiobarbituric acidreactive substances concentration (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in brain homogenates, histomorphometric analysis, biomechanical testing and bone mineral density (BMD). Female Wistar rats with regular estrous cycle were divided into two groups: Group 1: control rats (n = 15) and Group 2: diabetic rats (n = 15). Diabetes was induced by alloxan and confirmed by glycemia ≥250 mg/dL. The lipid peroxidation index, measured by TBARS concentration, showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in diabetic animals in comparison to control animals. However, the antioxidant parameter measured by GSH content, was significantly lower (p<0.05) in diabetic animals. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in femoral trabecular separation together with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in trabecular thickness, and reduced trabecular bone volume in diabetic rats. Moreover, biomechanical testing and BMD values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the diabetic group. Thus, our results demonstrated that increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant defense could be related to the development of oxidative stress and diabetic osteopenia in premenopausal rats.Uniterms: Oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation. Diabetes mellitus. Diabetic osteopenia/experimental study.A relação entre peroxidação lipídica, defesa antioxidante e osteopenia diabética permanece obscura. Este estudo avaliou a associação entre índice de peroxidação lipídica, parâmetro de defesa antioxidante e metabolismo ósseo em um modelo diabético pré-menopausa através de medidas como a concentração de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (SRAT) e conteúdo de glutationa reduzida (GSH) no homogenato cerebral, análises histomorfométricas, teste biomecânico e densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Ratos Wistar fêmeas com ciclo estral regular foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 -ratas controle (n = 15) e Grupo 2 -ratas diabéticas (n = 15). O diabetes foi induzido pela aloxana e confirmado pela glicemia ≥250 mg/dL. O índice de peroxidação lipídica, medido pela concentração de SRAT, demonstrou um aumento significativo (p<0.05) nos animais diabéticos, em relação aos animais controle. Entretanto, o parâmetro de defesa antioxidante, mensurado pelo conteúdo de GSH, foi reduzido significativamente (p<0.05) nos animais diabéticos. As análises histomorfométricas mostraram um aumento significativo (p<0.05) da separação trabecular do fêmur, associado à diminuição significativa da espessura trabecular (p<0.05) e volume ósseo trabecular reduzido nas ratas diabéticas. Além disso, o teste biomecânico, V.M.G. Duarte, A. de S. Rodrigues, L.A. de Rezende, A.Ma. de O. Ramos, R.M. de Souza, F.P.F. Neto, A. da C. Medeiros 540 medido pela força máxima, e val...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this study, the model used showed maintenance of a regular estrous cycle, determined by vaginal smears (Duarte et al, 2005;Martins et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic osteopenia in premenopausal rats

Duarte

Rodrigues

Rezende

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Gentle vaginal wash/ lavage was made with 100 lL of saline by using a pipette and wet smears were examined under a microscope. 26,27 The cell samples were classified into a particular phase of the estrous cycle according to the following identification criteria found in the samples: proestrus: presence of a majority (greater than 80%) of round, nucleated epithelial cells; estrus: a majority of cornified epithelial cells; metestrus: large amount of leukocytes and some round and cornified epithelial cells; diestrus: the absence of cells, although there were small amounts of all three cell types (leukocytes, round and cornified epithelial cells) present. [26][27][28][29] Only rats with at least two consecutive regular 4-day cycles were included in the data analysis.…”

Section: Vaginal Smearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral analgesia induced by acute and repeated water avoidance stress in rats: sex difference in opioid involvement

Larauche¹,

Mulak

Kim

et al. 2012

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Chronic psychological stress-induced alterations in visceral sensitivity have been predominantly assessed in male rodents. We investigated the effect of acute and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) on the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) and the role of opioids in male and cycling female Wistar rats using a novel non-invasive manometric technique. Methods After a baseline VMR (1st CRD, day 0), rats were exposed to WAS (1h/day) either once or for 4 consecutive days, without injection or with naloxone (1 mg/kg) or saline injected subcutaneously before each WAS session. Key Results The VMR to CRD recorded on day 1 or 4 immediately after the last WAS was reduced in both females and males. The visceral analgesia was mainly naloxone-dependent in females but naloxone-independent in males. In non-injected animals, on days 2 and 5, VMR was not significantly different from baseline in males while females exhibited a significant VMR increase at 60 mmHg on day 5. Basal CRD and CRD on days 1, 2 and 5 in both sexes without WAS induced similar VMR. Conclusions and Inferences When monitored non-invasively, psychological stress induces an immediate post-stress visceral analgesia mediated by an opiate signaling system in females while naloxone-independent in males, and hyperalgesia at 24 h after repeated stress only in females. These data highlights the importance of sex-specific interventions to modulate visceral pain response to stress.

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“…For surgery, mice were anaesthetized with an IP injection of 100 mg/kg ketamine, and postoperative recovery of all animals was monitored. Vaginal smears were performed in all groups of female mice for seven consecutive days at four weeks postoperatively, followed by staining the smear samples with methylene blue to observe changes in the estrous cycle in mice [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

NRF2 deficiency increases obesity susceptibility in a mouse menopausal model

Huang

Cong

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The risk of metabolic abnormalities in menopausal women increases significantly due to the decline in estrogen level. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an important oxidative stress sensor that plays regulatory role in energy metabolism. Therefore, an ovariectomized menopausal model in Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice was applied to evaluate the effect of Nrf2 deficiency on metabolism in menopausal females. The mice were divided into four groups according to their genotypes and treatments. Blood samples and bodyweights were obtained preoperatively and in the first to ninth postoperative weeks after overnight fasting. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose (GLU) were measured at postoperative weeks 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) was analyzed in brain tissues after sacrifice at postoperative week 9. The results demonstrated that, compared with the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice, KO ovariectomized mice had a greater bodyweight gain (P<0.01). Serum analysis showed that the serum GLU, T-CHO, and TG were significantly lower (P<0.05) but LDL was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the KO control mice than that in WT control mice. However, different from the WT counterparts, an increase in blood GLU level (P<0.05), unchanged T-CHO, TG, and HDL levels, and a significant reduction in LDL (P<0.01) was found in the KO ovariectomized mice. In addition, the level of 5-HT was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the KO mice after ovariectomy. In conclusion, the combination of Nrf2 deletion and a decline in estrogen level induced a significant increase in bodyweight, which may be associated with their altered glucose and LDL metabolism and decreased 5-HT levels. From a clinical perspective, women with antioxidant defense deficiency may have an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities after menopause. Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.serum MDA levels increased in the WT-OVX and KO-CON groups, but decreased in the KO-OVX group, though no statistical significance was reached yet (Fig 2). Body weight changes in different groups of miceBody weight curves prepared by weighing each group of mice weekly showed that weight gain occurred in the WT-OVX and KO-OVX groups relative to the WT-CON and KO-CON groups (Fig 3b). No significant difference of the weight gain rate was found between the WT-CON and KO-CON groups, but OVX groups had increased weight compared to the counterpart CON groups (Fig 3b and 3a, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). By calculating the rate of weight gain from the preoperative time to postoperative week 9 in different groups, we found that the weight gain rates of the KO-OVX was significantly higher than that in the corresponding KO-CON and WT-CON groups after postoperative week 4 (Fig 3b), and the weight gain rate of KO-OVX was the greatest and was significantly different from the WT-CON and KO-CON group (WT-CON 6.02% ± 2.95%, WT-OVX 18.55% ...

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Liquid-base cytology: a new method for oestral cycle study in wistar's rats

Abstract: The staining of the material allowed, besides the cytological classification, the quantification possibility that would result in a perfected accompaniment of the cycle estrous.

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic osteopenia in premenopausal rats

Relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic osteopenia in premenopausal rats

Visceral analgesia induced by acute and repeated water avoidance stress in rats: sex difference in opioid involvement

NRF2 deficiency increases obesity susceptibility in a mouse menopausal model

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