Times of Change in Latin American Regionalism

Abstract

After a decade dominated by post-liberal or post-hegemonic initiatives, the advent of conservative governments in Argentina and Brazil and the crisis in Venezuela have led to a resurgence of open regionalism. This could have important consequences in a region divided by different models of economic integration and political cooperation. The study evaluates the complex and changing scenario of Latin American regionalism. First, I trace the trajectory of regionalism in Latin America in recent years. Second, I examine models of economic integration and political cooperation. Third, I analyse the operation of those models in the post-hegemonic era. Lastly, I assess the emergence of a new regional cycle, and its implications for regional integration and cooperation.

American Regionalism and Brazilian Diplomatic Discourse (1946-2019)

“…Formally, the first wave of regionalization projects in the continent with a clear economic-commercial dimension began in the 1960s. The main characteristics of the socalled closed, old or hacia adentro (inward) regionalism were the pursuit of development through a protectionist model of industrialization, based on the diagnosis that the region needed to react to systemic trade constraints in order to strengthen itself in a collective and sustainable way (Malamud and Gardini 2012;Riggirozzi 2012;Gardini 2015;Briceño-Ruiz 2018).…”

Integración Sudamericana en la encrucijada entre la ideología y el pragmatismo

“…Se inaugura así, otro período de divergencia o de coexistencia de dos proyectos de integración (Briceño-Ruiz, 2017a, 2018. En 2011 se conformó la Alianza del Pacífico que aglutinó países asociados al Mercosur, cuyas economías se orientan básicamente a la apertura comercial exterior y cuyos gobiernos no convergían ideológicamente con el subrregionalismo del sur, lo que la literatura ha denominado de división Atlántico-Pacífico (Briceño-Ruiz y Morales, 2017).…”

“…Briceño-Ruiz (2018) identifica tres modelos de integración económica y tres de cooperación política, en su concepción, el regionalismo de esa época debería denominarse regionalismo estratégico. 2 También este término ha sido muy debatido en la literatura, pensando en la mejor manera de etiquetar al período: gobiernos progresistas(Lima, M.…”

An Overview and Assessment of Performance of the Central American Presidential Summit

“…From 2014 to the present, the conservative turn on the continent (Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Paraguay)—with the exception of Mexico—illustrates even more this trend as the newly elected presidents are constantly downplaying the regional projects. The current Latin American regionalism is indeed facing a time of crisis (Briceño‐Ruiz, ).…”