Estresse e suporte social na infância e adolescência relacionados com sintomas depressivos em idosos

Abstract

Resumo Considerando o envelhecimento como período ligado às influências sócio-históricas e experiências ocorridas durante o desenvolvimento, torna-se importante investigar variáveis de outros períodos do curso da vida que possam estar implicadas na saúde dos idosos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre características do suporte social e estresse na infância/adolescência com sintomas depressivos na velhice. Utilizou-se a escala CES-D (Radloff, 1977) e a escala de suporte social e estresse na infância/adolescência do Davis Longitudinal Study on Aging (Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara, & Spiro, III, 1996). A amostra consistiu de 956 idosos com idade entre 60 e 103 anos (M= 72,4; DP= 8,2). Foram encontradas relações significativas entre estressores e disciplina recompensatória com sintomas depressivos, o que se atribui a características nãonormativas destas variáveis para esta coorte.

Depressive morbidity and gender in community-dwelling Brazilian elderly: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Grouping together the 13 studies that reported CSDS, 14,720 elderly people were evaluated with a prevalence that varied between 13% ( Barcelos-Ferreira et al, 2009) and 39% (Castro- Costa et al, 2008) with a combined estimate of 26% (95%CI: 21-32) ( Figure 2). Just two of the 13 studies found a prevalence less than 20% (Lebrão and Laurenti, 2005;Barcelos-Ferreira et al, 2009), and four studies yielded a prevalence greater than 30% (Silberman et al, 1995;Porcu et al, 2002;Cupertino et al, 2006;Castro-Costa et al, 2008). In four studies, a significant association was observed between CSDS and cardiovascular diseases (Silberman et al, 1995;Smith et al, 2005;Blay et al, 2007;Castro-Costa et al, 2008) and between CSDS and female gender (Lebrão and Laurenti, 2005;Costa et al, 2008;Balbé and Garces, 2008;Barcelos-Ferreira et al, 2009).…”

“…After excluding overlapping studies and articles that did not evaluate depressive morbidity, the initial set contained 28 studies, of which eight were excluded that used outpatient, hospital, or institutional samples (Almeida et al, 1997;Paradela et al, 2005;Leite et al, 2006;Oliveira et al, 2006;Duarte and Rego, 2007;Borges et al, 2007;Irigaray and Schneider, 2007;Siqueira et al, 2009) and one study in which the authors investigated depression symptoms alone, which did not give an average prevalence that would allow its conclusion in the data analysis (Gazalle et al, 2004). Three studies that worked with the same sample group were analyzed together (Cupertino et al, 2006;Batistoni et al, 2007;Fortes-Burgos et al, 2008), and only the study that yielded information that corresponded to the objective of this research was cited (Cupertino et al, 2006). The final analysis included 17 studies (Table 2): 13 with CSDS, one with major depression alone and three with major depression and dysthymia incorporating a total of 15,491 evaluated elderly patients.…”

“…The manual search for bibliographic references in the identified articles, in chapters of books and in postgraduate theses did not add any studies that fit the criteria for inclusion in the present review. The geographic Brazilian origin of the samples were the states Minas Gerais (MG) (Cupertino et al, 2006;Costa et al, 2007;Castro-Costa et al, 2008), Parana (PR) (Porcu et al, 2002;Nardi and Andrade, 2005;Cabrera et al, 2007), Rio de Janeiro (RJ) (Veras and Coutinho, 1991), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) (Maciel and Guerra, 2006), Rio Grande do Sul (RS) (Silberman et al, 1995;Xavier et al, 2001;Blay et al, 2007;Roriz-Cruz et al, 2007;Balbé and Garces, 2008), and São Paulo (SP) (Andrade et al, 2002;Lebrão and Laurenti, 2005;Smith et al, 2005;Barcelos-Ferreira et al, 2009). The MG state had higher prevalences of major depression (15.4%), dysthymia (4.6%) and CSDS (38.5%).…”

“…In relation to dysthymia, three studies were selected that evaluated a total of 741 elderly people with a prevalence of 1.6% (Andrade et al, 2002), 3.9% (Xavier et al, 2001) and 4.6% (Costa et al, 2007) and a combined estimate of 3.5% (95%CI: 1.7-6.1) ( Figure 3). Barcelos-Ferreira et al, 2009 0.13 (0.11, 0.15) proportion (95% confidence interval) For the analysis of the influence of gender, the studies used were ones that provided the prevalence of depression in three studies (Xavier et al, 2001;Andrade et al, 2002;Costa et al, 2007) and for case/non-case of CSDS in ten studies (Porcu et al, 2002;Nardi and Andrade, 2005;Lebrão and Laurenti, 2005;Smith et al, 2005;Cupertino et al, 2006;Blay et al, 2007;Cabrera et al, 2007;Castro-Costa et al, 2008;Balbé and Garces, 2008;Barcelos-Ferreira et al, 2009).…”

“…The authors, the geographic Brazilian origin of the samples (state), the sample size, the instruments used for data collection and for diagnosis, the factors associated with the diagnosis, and data on prevalence by gender, when available, were all identified. The prevalence rates were obtained directly from the articles and were requested from the authors of just two studies (Cupertino et al, 2006;Roriz-Cruz et al, 2007). Table 1.…”