We investigated perceptions between Brazilian and U.S. college students regarding a hypothetical case involving woman-to-woman sexual harassment in which the sexual orientation of both the target and the alleged harasser was experimentally manipulated. Thus, there were four different scenarios, which were randomly given to 952 college students (89% of whom reported to be White). We found that the scenario that depicted heterosexual womanto-heterosexual woman sexual harassment was rated as the least likely to be sexual harassment, to need an investigation, and to be punishable than the other scenarios. Generally, Brazilians viewed the case as more likely to be sexual harassment and to need an investigation than did U.S. respondents. In the U.S., women perceived the case as more likely to be sexual harassment, to need an investigation, and to be punishable than men did; however, no such gender differences were found in Brazil. Lastly, hostile sexism and perceptions of woman-to-woman sexual harassment predicted respondents rating the case as sexual harassment and in need of an investigation.Keywords Same-sex sexual harassment . Attitudes toward women and lesbians . Gender and cultural differences Sexual harassment is a serious problem on university campuses. Hill and Silva (2005) reported findings from a recent national survey conducted by the American Association of University Women in which 62% of U.S. male and female college students reported having been sexually harassed, most often by peers (80%). The most common form of sexual harassment was unwanted comments, jokes, gestures, and looks (53%). Being called gay, lesbian, or by a homophobic name was also common (24%). In fact, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students (73%) were more likely to have been sexually harassed than were heterosexual students (61%), especially by peers (92 vs. 78%, respectively). Peer sexual harassment often took place in a residence hall or other student housing (39%).Similarly, Rankin (2003) reported findings from a national survey of LGBT faculty, staff, and students across 14 universities and departments that showed widespread stigma, violence, and discrimination: 74% of LGBT students rated their campus climate as homophobic, 51% of all LGBT respondents concealed their sexual orientation in order to avoid intimidation, and 36% of LGBT undergraduate students and 29% of all LGBT respondents reported having been victims of harassment in the past year due to their sexual orientation. Of those who had experienced harassment, 89% reported that derogatory remarks about LGBT individuals were the most common form of harassment experienced, especially by students (79%). Twenty percent of all LGBT respondents feared for their physical safety because of their sexual orientation.Peer sexual harassment on college campuses is widespread. However, it has been investigated mainly in North America. Cross-cultural research is needed in order to broaden existing theories on sex discrimination, including sexual harassment (Gruber