Anti-ulcer activity of Synadenium grantii latex

Abstract

Synadenium grantii Hook f., Euphorbiaceae, is popularly known as leitosinha or janaúba. The diluted latex (18 drops/L of water) is commonly used in the south of Brazil to treat gastric disturbances. This study evaluated phytochemical screening and toxicity using Artemia salina Leach of crude bark extract and also latex. The toxicity and the anti-ulcer activity of S. grantii latex were also tested in rats. Phytochemical results showed presence of tannins, terpenes, unsaponificable substances, coumarins and anthraquinones in the crude bark extract and terpenes in the latex. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated the presence of diterpene tigliane esters in the latex, identified as 12-deoxyphorbol-13-(2-metilpropionate) and phorbol 12,13,20-triacetate. The toxicity results using A. salina presented CL50 26.58μg/mL and CL50 778.66μg/mL, for the latex and the crude bark extract respectively. The toxicological hepatic parameters of the diluted latex were not different to the control group (p<0.05). The eosinophils cells showed an increase in both the diluted and pure latex groups. The pure latex showed gastric protection of 90% (p<0.05) and the diluted latex showed 6% compared to the negative control. Therefore, our data indicate that S. grantii latex, under research conditions presented gastric protection. Pure latex showed more toxicity than the diluted latex.

Antitumoural effect of Synadenium grantii Hook f. (Euphorbiaceae) latex

“…There was no evidence of damage to liver tissue from use of the garrafada of Synadenium grantii. This result is in agreement with results obtained by Costa et al (2012), who evaluated hepatic biochemical parameters in rats treated with garrafada of Synadenium grantii and found no significant difference between the treated group and the control group; however, these same authors reported that in the highest concentrations of the latex, significant changes in biochemical parameters were found.…”

“…Even more relevant to the subject of the present research is the fact that the toxicity of the Synadenium grantii species has also been reported, evaluated by Artemia salina, presenting an LD50 value of 26.58 μg/mL for latex from the plant (Costa et al, 2012).…”

“…They mix 18 drops of collected latex in 1 L of water, keep it in the refrigerator, and take a glass of this solution 3 times a day. Like other species of the Euphorbiaceae family, it is known that its latex is rich in nonpolar compounds (Costa et al, 2012;Hassan et al, 2012) and that it demonstrates activity against tumour cells (Block et al, 2005;Jassbi, 2006;Aliabadi et al, 2009). Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumoural activity of the latex of Synadenium grantii as well as to determine the chemical composition of the latex that could be responsible for this activity.…”

Identification of macroelements and microelements in the leaves of the Synadenium grantii Hook used as medicinal plant in the Brazil

“…In folk medicine the latex of Synadenium grantii Hook f. to treat neoplasic diseases and gastric disorders such as peptic ulcers and gastritis inflammatory [12]. Moreover, studies in animals showed that the latex extracts of Synadenium grantii Hook f. has anti-ulcer activity without causing toxicity [12].…”

“…Moreover, studies in animals showed that the latex extracts of Synadenium grantii Hook f. has anti-ulcer activity without causing toxicity [12]. The cytotoxicity as well as the antiparasitic activity of the CHCl 3 extract of Synadenium grantii Hook f. leaves was performed and proved to be active [13].…”