Morpho-anatomical analysis of Aspidosperma olivaceum and A. polyneuron, Apocynaceae

Abstract

Abstract:The family Apocynaceae includes many medicinal species, such as Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll. Arg. and A. polyneuron Müll. Arg. The first, popularly known as "peroba-branca", is a source of indole alkaloids that are recognized for their antitumor activity. The second, known as "peroba-rosa", is used by some people for treating malaria. To contribute to the knowledge about Brazilian medicinal plants and potential vegetal drugs, a morpho-anatomical analysis of the leaves and stems of these tree species was carried out. The botanical material was fixed, sectioned and stained using standard techniques. Histochemical tests were performed and the material was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Aspidosperma olivaceum and A. polyneuron are morphologically similar, both presenting alternate, simple, elliptic-lanceolate leaves. The leaves are hypostomatic with anomocytic stomata and have non-glandular trichomes. In the stem, there are peripheral phellogen, lignified fibers and some stone cells in the cortex and pith, as well as numerous gelatinous fibers near the phloem. Prismatic calcium oxalate crystals and laticifers are present in the leaves and stems. Unlike A. olivaceum, A. polyneuron also has cyclocytic stomata, predominantly unicellular non-glandular trichomes and a biconvex midrib with a sharper curve on the adaxial side. In addition, A. olivaceum differs because it has some idioblasts with phenolic content.

Microscopic Analysis Applied to the Quality Control ofHancornia speciosaGomes

“…& Zucc. have a flat-convex shape (Trindade et al, 2016), or a rounded shape, slightly flat on the adaxial face (Reis et al, 2013), or rounded to biconvex shapes (Krentkowski & Duarte, 2012).…”

“…Laticifers and stone cells occur in the ground parenchyma of the petiole of Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll.Arg., A. polyneuron Müll.Arg. (Krentkowski & Duarte, 2012), A. carapanauba Pichon, A. desmanthum Pichon, A. excelsum Benth., and A. spruceanum Benth. ex Müll.Arg.…”

Bioactive Olivacine Derivatives—Potential Application in Cancer Therapy

“…Olivacine 1 (1,5-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3- b ]carbazole) (guatambuinine) ( Figure 1 ) is an alkaloid and was isolated for the first time from the bark of Aspidosperma olivaceum [ 2 ]—a tree found in Southeastern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia [ 28 ]. Aspidosperma olivaceum is a photophilous deciduous tree, reaching a height of 25 m and a trunk diameter of 90 cm, with white flowers and fleshy fruit (drupe) [ 29 ]. Plants of the Aspidosperma order have traditionally been used in Brazilian diagnostics to combat fever and other ailments.…”

Primeiro registro de macroflora do Pleistoceno final nas margens do Rio Teles Pires, MT, Brasil

“…Os espécimes fósseis analisados se assemelham a esta espécie pelo tamanho, margem inteira, venação primária pinada, venação secundária broquidódroma (com nervuras secundárias numerosas quase paralelas entre si), presença de veias secundárias intramarginais, venação terciária reticulada, nervuras secundárias e terciárias bem proeminentes e as demais características anteriormente descritas no espécime fóssil que ainda não foram contempladas pelas bibliografias que descreveram a espécie, porém passíveis de serem observadas na exsicata do Field Museum of Natural History -Neotropical Herbarium Specimens -Collection (Figura 4B). É uma espécie de porte arbóreo que pode crescer usualmente até 25 m de altura, perene e de folhas simples, com 4,0-12 cm de comprimento e 1,0-4,0 cm de largura; lâmina foliar com forma oblonga a obovada-elíptica; margem inteira; nervação primária pinada, nervação secundária broquidódroma (tendendo a formar uma veia intramarginal), nervuras secundárias numerosas (quase paralelas entre si), venação terciária reticulada e nervuras secundárias e terciárias proeminentes (Woodson Jr., 1951;Hickey & Wolfe, 1975;Marcondes-Ferreira Neto, 1988;Carvalho, 2004;Krentkowski & Duarte, 2012…”