Experiência da maternidade no contexto do HIV/Aids aos três meses de vida do bebê

Abstract

RESUMO -O estudo investigou a experiência da maternidade em portadoras do HIV/Aids aos três meses de vida do filho/a. Participaram seis mães (19 a 30 anos), de nível sócio-econômico baixo, três das quais já eram portadoras da doença quando engravidaram, enquanto as demais souberam no parto. As mães foram entrevistadas e suas respostas foram examinadas por meio de uma análise de conteúdo qualitativa baseada em quatro eixos teóricos: vida-crescimento, relacionar-se primário, matriz de apoio e reorganização da identidade. Os resultados mostraram que as mães tinham muitas preocupações com a possibilidade de infecção do filho/a e com a saúde do bebê, além de sentimentos de incerteza quanto ao futuro, culpa e medo do preconceito. Esses temores pareciam mais intensos para as mães que tiveram seu diagnóstico no parto. O estigma do HIV/ Aids, conflitos familiares, dificuldades com o diagnóstico e o tratamento, além de restrições sócio-econômicas e em sua rede de apoio exigiam grande esforço emocional dessas mulheres, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenções psicossociais visando à adesão ao tratamento, à qualidade de vida e ao desenvolvimento do bebê. Palavras-chave:HIV/Aids; maternidade; família. Motherhood Experience in the Context of HIV/Aids in the Third-Month-BabyABSTRACT -This study investigated motherhood experience in HIV-positive women on the third-month-baby. Six mothers, aged from19 to 30, from low socioeconomic level took part in this study. Three of these mothers got pregnant knowing that they were infected, while the others were informed during or soon after delivery. The mothers were interviewed and their accounts were examined by means of a qualitative content analysis based on four themes: life-growth, primary relatedness, support matrix, and identity reorganization. The results showed that mothers were worried about having infected their babies and about his/her health. They reported also uncertainty feelings concerning to the future, guilt, and fear of discrimination. These fears seemed more intense for the three mothers who had their diagnosis during or soon after delivery. Issues such as HIV/Aids-related stigma, family conflicts, difficulties in assimilating the diagnosis and the treatment, socioeconomic difficulties and lack of support required large emotional strength from these women. The need for psychological support and psychosocial intervention with these mothers is discussed. This could contribute for their treatment adherence, their quality of life, and the development of their children.

Administração de medicamentos para crianças nascidas expostas ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana

“…Research has shown that HIV-positive mothers are afraid to infect their children and they wish not for their baby to be infected; therefore, they follow the antiretroviral treatment regimen. (19,20) In general, these women are afraid that their children are HIV-positive and could became frequently ill because of the virus. This fear is felt until they receive a definitive diagnosis, which is why they make many efforts to adequately administer AZT to the child.…”

“…This fear is felt until they receive a definitive diagnosis, which is why they make many efforts to adequately administer AZT to the child. (20) The ability level to administer TMP-SMZ prophylaxis varied from low, moderate, and high. Mothers with more years of education were more able to administer the medicine to their children.…”

Experience of family members providing care for HIV-exposed children: beginning of the trajectory

“…A study shows that having or not having previous experiences of maternity with exposed children does not seem to reduce anxiety in relation to the HIV diagnosis of the child (6) . However, mothers who discovered their serology when pregnant with the fi rst child more clearly expressed fear of infection due to the more recent impact of discovering they had the disease and because they still did not have a lot of information on the disease and its treatment (6) .…”

“…However, mothers who discovered their serology when pregnant with the fi rst child more clearly expressed fear of infection due to the more recent impact of discovering they had the disease and because they still did not have a lot of information on the disease and its treatment (6) . When women are aware of their diagnosis and have already experienced pregnancy while infected with the virus, this moment seems less intense, as past experiences showed them that after completing preventive treatment their children can be born healthy (18) .…”

“…Pregnancy with HIV sero-positivity is characterized as a moment of apprehension in relation to contaminating the child (3)(4) . This apprehension lasts until the child's diagnosis results and the mother must also deal with the uncertainty, guilt and demands during care to prevent VT (5)(6).…”