Mucorales isolados do solo de mineração de cobre e produção de amilase e inulinase

Abstract

RESUMO -(Mucorales isolados do solo de mineração de cobre e produção de amilase e inulinase). A presença de metais pesados no solo proporciona impacto sobre os microrganismos, vegetação e os processos funcionais do ecossistema. Visando comprovar que Mucorales são afetados pela extração de cobre na Mineradora Caraíba, Jaguarari, BA, espécies Palavras-chave: Mucorales, mineração do cobre, enzimas, semi-árido, caatinga ABSTRACT -(Mucorales isolated from copper-mining soils and production of amylase and inulinase). The presence of heavy metals in soil causes impact on microorganisms, vegetation and functional processes in ecosystems. Aiming to prove that Mucorales are affected by copper extraction at the Caraíba mining site, Jaguarari, Bahia, species of Mucorales were isolated from samples collected in the dry and wet seasons. Mucorales were identified and characterized according to their capacity to degrade starch and inulin. Forty six isolates from seven different species of Mucorales were obtained by the serial-dilution and soil-plate methods. Absidia blakesleeana Lendner, A. cylindrospora Hagem, A. hialospora (Saito) Lendn., Cunninghamella elegans Lendner, Rhizopus microsporus V. Thieghen, R. oryzae Went. & Prinsen Geerl. and Syncephalastrum racemosum (Cohn.) Schroet. were isolated in the dry season. Absidia blakesleeana and A. hialospora were isolated only in the wet season. Rhizopus oryzae had the greatest number of isolates (30.43%) followed by A. blakesleeana (26.09%) and C. elegans (21.74%). The genus Absidia had the greatest number of species followed by Rhizopus. The number of isolates obtained from each sample site was significantly different, proving the negative effects of environmental impact on Mucorales abundance in the affected soils. All species were capable of degrading starch. However, C. elegans was the only species that also degraded inulin. Isolates of the same species from different areas showed the same behavior as regards capacity to degrade starch and inulin.

Diversity of Mucorales in natural and degraded semi-arid soils

“…The species of this genus are able to grow well at high temperatures (Hoffmann et al 2013) and those isolated in the present study were also mentioned in other soils of Caatinga and are commonly found in semi-arid Brazilian regions (Cavalcanti et al 2006;Santiago and Souza-Motta 2006;Santiago et al 2013;Santiago et al 2014). Thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi are detected over areas receiving highest incidence of solar radiation because they present greater spore production and germination in soil heated by the sun (Abdullah and Al-Bader 1990).…”

“…Furthermore A. cylindrospora, C. elegans, R. arrhizus var. arrhizus (como R. oryzae), R. microsporus and S. racemosum were cited in soils of Canindé de São Francisco and Jaguararí in Bahia (Cavalcanti et al 2006;Santiago and Souza-Motta 2006). Cunninghamella echinulata was observed in soils of Triunfo and Serra Talhada, while A. cylindrospora, R. arrhizus var.…”

“…Most Mucorales exhibit rapid growth, even in simple culture media, and are the first to colonize the substrate, degrading both simple and complex sugars (Richardson 2009), including pectins, lipids, proteins, and hemicelluloses (Domsch et al 2007), being the latter the major constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, a fundamental part of plant cell walls (Scheller and Ulvskov 2010). Due to the ability of some Mucorales to produce several enzymes and organic acids, some species of this order have been used in different biotechnological process (Santiago and Souza-Motta 2006;Hoffmann et al 2013).…”

Diversity of Filamentous Fungi of Area from Brazilian Caatinga and High-Level Tannase Production Using Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) and Surinam Cherry (<i>Eugenia uniflora</i> L.) Leaves under SSF

“…In 2006, Santiago and Souza-Motta [35] The PCA revealed the correlations, both positive and negative, between some species abundances and some physical parameters. Aspergillus flavus, which is common in soils [20] was the dominant species in the Caatinga biome study area.…”

Fungos anamorfos do solo da região dos lagos no Município de Santa Gertrudes, SP, Brasil

“…Fungos anamorfos, por exemplo, são representados por espécies com maior adaptabilidade às condições ambientais do que espécies de Mucorales (Schoenlein-Crusius et al 2006). Recentemente foi realizado levantamento de Mucorales no solo de mineração de cobre e a avaliação da produção de amilase e inulinase por algumas espécies, verificando-se efeito negativo do impacto ambiental na abundância das espécies de fungos nos solos da região de Jaguarari, Bahia (Santiago & Souza-Motta 2006). Na região da Represa do Guarapiranga, em São Paulo, a micota do solo, composta predominantemente por fungos anamorfos cosmopolitas, apresentou-se mais afetada pela mudança do perfil da vegetação do que pela presença de cobre (Santos et al 1998).…”