A transição de saúde e as mudanças na expectativa de vida saudável da população idosa: possíveis impactos da prevenção de doenças crônicas

Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of the elimination of certain chronic illnesses on disability-free life expectancy in the elderly population. This was a cross-sectional survey based on official data from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2000, and from the SABE study. Cause-deleted probabilities of dying were derived with the cause-elimination life-table technique. Eliminated diseases that generated the largest increase in disability-free life expectancy in women were heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (in that order). In men, eliminated diseases that generated the largest increase in disability-free life expectancy were, at 60 years, heart disease, hypertension, and falls, and at 75 years of age, heart disease, hypertension, and chronic lung disease. Classification of chronic diseases according to impact on disability-free life expectancy can assist the planning of preventive programs and health promotion.

Prevalência e fatores associados à incontinência urinária em idosos não institucionalizados

“…A limitação na marcha e a dependência para deambular podem ser fatores implicados na associação de tais agravos com a IU, ao dificultar o acesso ao banheiro 35,36 . Diante dessa situação, revela-se a necessidade de uma assistência de melhor qualidade, que poderia levar a um aumento na expectativa de vida livre de incapacidade em idosos 37 . Este estudo evidenciou associação entre fragilidade e IU, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres.…”

Inequalities in healthy life expectancy by Brazilian geographic regions: findings from the National Health Survey, 2013

“…In national health surveys, self-rated health and self-reported diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases have been broadly used to establish differences in morbidity among population groups [21–23]. Health indicators that combine mortality data with morbidity or health status data have also been proposed for evaluating health care and prevention programs by placing greater emphasis on the quality of life in later years [24, 25]. …”

Queixa subjetiva de memória e a relação com a fluência verbal em idosos ativos

“…Therefore, Brazil is becoming a country with aged population and, in the context of epidemiological transition, the profile of population diseases changes, with increase in the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Dementia syndromes, in particular Alzheimer's, are among such diseases, with impact on cognition of the affected individuals (4) . The integrality of the cognitive function in older people contributes to the autonomy and capacity of self-care, enabling their independence and safety.…”

“…Thus, early identification of cognitive decline may help to create strategies to promote cognitive activities, in order to slow the impact on the individuals' daily life (10) . Some cognitive deficits involve memory, which is the most frequent cognitive complaint in older people (4) . It is known that the decline that occurs in episodic memory is more marked than that of semantic memory -the latter being used to access language materials during the aging process (7) .…”