Prevalence of self-reported systemic arterial hypertension in urban and rural environments in Brazil: a population-based study

Abstract

The aims of this paper were to estimate the prevalence rates of self-reported high blood pressure among adults in urban and rural environments in Brazil and identify possible associations stratified according to household location. Data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) was used, incorporating information from the sampling plan. Logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association between variables and the outcome. The prevalence of self-reported high blood pressure in Brazil was 20.9%: 21% in urban areas and 20.1% in rural areas (OR = 1.06). In both areas, the likelihood of reporting high blood pressure increased with age and women, former smokers, migrants and individuals with morbidities, non-white individuals and individuals with health insurance were more likely to report this disease. Also, in both rural and urban areas, prevalence of high blood pressure was lower among workers and decreased with increasing levels of schooling. All variables showed an association with self-reported high blood pressure in both rural and urban areas, but differences in magnitude were observed in relation to sex and age group. These differences could help justify the promotion of better access and intervention methods at prevention clinics for different population groups.

Diferencias en los indicadores de calidad de vida del adulto mayor con hipertensión arterial que vive en el área urbana y rural de Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…En otros estudios se encontraron resultados contrarios en cuanto a las variables socioeconómicas (4,15) . Los resultados en el presente estudio concuerdan Tabla 1.…”

“…En Brasil, la Encuesta Nacional de Domicilios encontró porcentajes similares de HA entre la área urbana (21%) y rural (20,1%) (4) . Un estudio realizado en China, encontró una prevalencia de HA en el área rural de 17% y en el área urbana de 21% (5) .…”

Qualidade de vida e adesão medicamentosa para pessoas hipertensas

“…The records of hypertensive patients were obtained from the patients' medical records and registration forms of the Hiperdia Program. The total number of hypertensive patients for the study was defined based on a prevalence of 25%, (3)(4)(5) an estimated population of 30,000 adults assisted by the FHS, a margin of error of 5%, and 95% confidence level. As this is a cluster sampling, the identified number was multiplied by the correction factor (deff) number 2, plus 20% for possible losses.…”

“…(3) In Brazil, studies show prevalence of 20% to 30% in adults, reaching 75% in people aged over 70 years. (4,5) The long-term effects of hypertension are in part associated to its characteristics of chronic disease, often asymptomatic and therefore often unknown or neglected by patients themselves. (1,3) Another point is the tendency of poor adherence to drug therapy among hypertensive patients, despite the wide therapeutic arsenal available and known to be effective for hypertension control.…”

Da pedagogicidade do cuidado ante a experiência de ser hipertenso

“…E representam um alto custo para o sistema de saúde 1 . No caso, aqui estudado, a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) atinge aproximadamente 21% da população brasileira na atualidade 2 . Entretanto, ainda é pequeno o número de hipertensos identificados e tratados adequadamente.…”