Different equations for determining height among the elderly: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

Siqueira, Vanessa de Oliveira; Costa, Bruna Vieira de Lima; Lopes, Aline Cristine Souza; Santos, Luana Caroline dos; Lima‐Costa, Maria Fernanda; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100013

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The WHO ( 17 ) recommends that the WHO equation should be used as a universal equation to calculate estimated height. However, in the current study the WHO equation was identified to be the least predictive height estimation method in the calculation of true height as it statistically significantly underestimated height for all race groups of both genders ( 11 , 27 ) . On the other hand, the WHO-adjusted equation agreed sufficiently with SS and was predictive of true height in the study sample, especially Black African males and Indian females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Estimation of true height: a study in population-specific methods among young South African adults

Lahner

Kassier

Veldman

2016

Public Health Nutr.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy of arm-associated height estimation methods in the calculation of true height compared with stretch stature in a sample of young South African adults.DesignA cross-sectional descriptive design was employed.SettingPietermaritzburg, Westville and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2015.SubjectsConvenience sample (N 900) aged 18–24 years, which included an equal number of participants from both genders (150 per gender) stratified across race (Caucasian, Black African and Indian).ResultsContinuous variables that were investigated included: (i) stretch stature; (ii) total armspan; (iii) half-armspan; (iv) half-armspan ×2; (v) demi-span; (vi) demi-span gender-specific equation; (vii) WHO equation; and (viii) WHO-adjusted equations; as well as categorization according to gender and race. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21.0. Significant correlations were identified between gender and height estimation measurements, with males being anatomically larger than females (P<0·001). Significant differences were documented when study participants were stratified according to race and gender (P<0·001). Anatomical similarities were noted between Indians and Black Africans, whereas Caucasians were anatomically different from the other race groups. Arm-associated height estimation methods were able to estimate true height; however, each method was specific to each gender and race group.ConclusionsHeight can be calculated by using arm-associated measurements. Although universal equations for estimating true height exist, for the enhancement of accuracy, the use of equations that are race-, gender- and population-specific should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Estimation of true height: a study in population-specific methods among young South African adults

Lahner

Kassier

Veldman

2016

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Por outro lado, a elevação da prevalência de obesidade abdominal nos idosos também é afetada pela redução da estatura com o envelhecimento, já que a altura é denominador dessa medida. A redução da estatura pode se dever a alterações ósseas, como achatamento das vértebras, redução dos discos intervertebrais, cifose dorsal, escoliose, arqueamento dos membros inferiores e/ ou achatamento do arco plantar 42,43 .…”

Section: Variáveisunclassified

Sobrepeso e obesidade abdominal em adultos quilombolas, Bahia, Brasil

Soares

Barreto

2014

Cad. Saúde Pública

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This study analyzes nutritional status, estimates the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity, and investigates factors associated with these outcomes in a two-stage random sample of adults (> 20 years) in quilombos (communities that descend from African slaves) in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2011. Among 739 participants, prevalence rates were 31.8% and 10.2% for overweight and obesity, respectively, and 55.7% for increased waist-to-height ratio (> 0.50). Prevalence of overweight was higher among 30-39-year-olds, while abdominal obesity was more frequent among older individuals. Female sex, eating chicken or beef with untrimmed fat, and hypertension were associated with higher odds of overweight and abdominal obesity, while smoking and single marital status were associated with lower odds. The results show high prevalence rates for overweight and abdominal obesity in these very poor and socially isolated communities. Specific preventive and control measures are urgently needed.

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“…Standing height is often directly measured using a linear scale. However, among the elderly, physiological and pathological changes including vertebral flattening and fractures, compression and attrition of intervertebral discs, dorsal kyphosis, scoliosis, bowing of legs and flattening of the plantar arch, 5 , 11 and being bedridden lead to inaccurately lowered height measurement that overestimates BMI 12 , 13 and thereby results in discrepant prevalence rates of undernutrition and obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High degree of BMI misclassification of malnutrition among Swedish elderly population: Age-adjusted height estimation using knee height and demispan

2014

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Background/Objectives:The degree of misclassification of obesity and undernutrition among elders owing to inaccurate height measurements is investigated using height predicted by knee height (KH) and demispan equations.Subjects/Methods:Cross-sectional investigation was done among a random heterogeneous sample from five municipalities in Southern Sweden from a general population study ‘Good Aging in Skåne' (GÅS). The sample comprised two groups: group 1 (KH) including 2839 GÅS baseline participants aged 60–93 years with a valid KH measurement and group 2 (demispan) including 2871 GÅS follow-up examination participants (1573 baseline; 1298 new), aged 60–99 years, with a valid demispan measurement. Participation rate was 80%. Height, weight, KH and demispan were measured. KH and demispan equations were formulated using linear regression analysis among participants aged 60–64 years as reference. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated in kg/m2.Results:Undernutrition prevalences in men and women were 3.9 and 8.6% by KH, compared with 2.4 and 5.4% by standard BMI, and more pronounced for all women aged 85+ years (21% vs 11.3%). The corresponding value in women aged 85+ years by demispan was 16.5% vs 10% by standard BMI. Obesity prevalences in men and women were 17.5 and 14.6% by KH, compared with 19.0 and 20.03% by standard BMI. Values among women aged 85+ years were 3.7% vs 10.4% by KH and 6.5% vs 12.7% by demispan compared with the standard.Conclusions:There is an age-related misclassification of undernutrition and obesity attributed to inaccurate height estimation among the elderly. This could affect the management of patients at true risk. We therefore propose using KH- and demispan-based formulae to address this issue.

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Different equations for determining height among the elderly: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Estimation of true height: a study in population-specific methods among young South African adults

Estimation of true height: a study in population-specific methods among young South African adults

Sobrepeso e obesidade abdominal em adultos quilombolas, Bahia, Brasil

High degree of BMI misclassification of malnutrition among Swedish elderly population: Age-adjusted height estimation using knee height and demispan

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