Canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Krenak indigenous community, Resplendor, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2007

Antônio, Eloiza Gonçalves; Malacco, Marcos Aurélio Fulgêncio; Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira; Moreira, Eliana Furtado; Caldas, Ivo Santana; Pena, João Luiz; Machado-Coelho, George Luiz Lins

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2011000300020

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This was not supported however by a Brazilian study of 33,937 dogs (França-Silva et al, 2003 ). No specific canine gender predisposition has been described for ZVL in various endemic countries (Pozio et al, 1981 ; Abranches et al, 1991 ; Sideris et al, 1996 ; Antônio et al, 2007 ); however, in France a greater prevalence of ZVL was found among male dogs (Lanotte et al, 1975 ) and in an endemic area of Brazil high rates of seropositivity were also found among male animals (Mouta-Confort et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Leishmaniasis In Canidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for Canine Leishmaniasis

Palatnik-de-Sousa¹

2012

Front. Immun.

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Leishmaniasis is the third most important vector-borne disease worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe and frequently lethal protozoan disease of increasing incidence and severity due to infected human and dog migration, new geographical distribution of the insect due to global warming, coinfection with immunosuppressive diseases, and poverty. The disease is an anthroponosis in India and Central Africa and a canid zoonosis (ZVL) in the Americas, the Middle East, Central Asia, China, and the Mediterranean. The ZVL epidemic has been controlled by one or more measures including the culling of infected dogs, treatment of human cases, and insecticidal treatment of homes and dogs. However, the use of vaccines is considered the most cost–effective control tool for human and canine disease. Since the severity of the disease is related to the generation of T-cell immunosuppression, effective vaccines should be capable of sustaining or enhancing the T-cell immunity. In this review we summarize the clinical and parasitological characteristics of ZVL with special focus on the cellular and humoral canine immune response and review state-of-the-art vaccine development against human and canine VL. Experimental vaccination against leishmaniasis has evolved from the practice of leishmanization with living parasites to vaccination with crude lysates, native parasite extracts to recombinant and DNA vaccination. Although more than 30 defined vaccines have been studied in laboratory models no human formulation has been licensed so far; however three second-generation canine vaccines have already been registered. As expected for a zoonotic disease, the recent preventive vaccination of dogs in Brazil has led to a reduction in the incidence of canine and human disease. The recent identification of several Leishmania proteins with T-cell epitopes anticipates development of a multiprotein vaccine that will be capable of protecting both humans and dogs against VL.

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Section: Leishmaniasis In Canidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for Canine Leishmaniasis

Palatnik-de-Sousa¹

2012

Front. Immun.

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“…Thus, the peridomicile areas in these studies exhibit certain key aspects that exacerbate leishmaniasis exposure: domestic animals as food sources for female sandflies, fruit trees and vegetables as shelter, and organic material for immatures ( 24 ). Another study in the Minas Gerais revealed a 46% overall infection rate in dogs in the Krenak indigenous community ( 27 ). As dogs were mostly asymptomatic (27.3%) and oligosymptomatic (54.5%), such findings may reflect the ineffectiveness of dog culling based on low-sensitivity diagnostic tests as undetected animals remain in the area and maintain the Leishmania cycle ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study in the Minas Gerais revealed a 46% overall infection rate in dogs in the Krenak indigenous community ( 27 ). As dogs were mostly asymptomatic (27.3%) and oligosymptomatic (54.5%), such findings may reflect the ineffectiveness of dog culling based on low-sensitivity diagnostic tests as undetected animals remain in the area and maintain the Leishmania cycle ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania spp. in indigenous populations: A mini-review

Kmetiuk

Tirado

Biondo

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Leishmaniasis, considered a neglected vector-borne disease complex of global concern, has a significant impact on indigenous communities due to daily human and animal exposure in periurban, rural, and naturally preserved areas. This mini-review aims to assess and discuss studies of leishmaniasis in these communities of the New World and Old World, particularly those in the Americas and Asia. Such indigenous communities have been mostly built in poor traditional households with no mosquito-net protection, mostly located in environmentally protected areas, favoring vectors and reservoirs. The presence of leishmaniasis cases surrounding such indigenous areas indicated a high risk of infection, which may have been historically underestimated due to a lack of surveillance, even at present. The absence of studies of indigenous populations in recognized endemic areas may reflect insufficient health services. In conclusion, the persistence of this neglectful scenario may impact tragic outcomes and potential outbreaks in indigenous peoples and surroundings populations worldwide.

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Double trouble: having two hosts reduces infection prevalence in vectored trypanosomatids

Al-Ghafli

2021

Preprint

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Trypanosomatids are a diverse family of protozoan parasites, some of which cause devastating human and livestock diseases. There are two distinct infection life-cycles in trypanosomatids; some species complete their entire life-cycle in a single host (monoxenous) while others infect two hosts (dixenous). Dixenous trypanosomatids are mostly vectored by insects, and the human trypanosomatid diseases are transmitted mainly by vectored parasites. While infection prevalence has been described for subsets of hosts and trypanosomatids, little is known about whether monoxenous and dixenous trypanosomatids differ in infection prevalence. Here, we use meta-analyses to synthesise all published evidence of trypanosomatid infection prevalence for the last two decades. We employed a semi-automated screening protocol, using machine learning algorithms and natural language processing, resulting in the qualitative inclusion of 569 citations and quantitative inclusion of 261 citations. We find striking difference in infection prevalence with monoxenous species having twice the infection prevalence (19.8%) than dixenous species (8.68%) in both insect and non-insect hosts and are more than three-fold more prevalent in insects (20.9%) compared to their dixenous kins (6.61%). We also find that dixenous trypanosomatids have lower infection prevalence among insects compared to their definitive hosts, which is consistent across dixenous genera. Within the monoxenous trypanosomatids, genera infecting bees are characterised with the highest prevalence, which does not vary between wild and managed bees. To our knowledge, these results reveal for the first time, a fundamental difference in infection prevalence according to host specificity where vectored species suffer from lower infection prevalence as a result of a ‘jack of all trades, master of none’ style trade-off between the vector and definitive host.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Krenak indigenous community, Resplendor, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2007

Abstract: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Vaccines for Canine Leishmaniasis

Vaccines for Canine Leishmaniasis

Leishmania spp. in indigenous populations: A mini-review

Double trouble: having two hosts reduces infection prevalence in vectored trypanosomatids

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