Clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among women in Southern Brazil: a population-based study

Abstract

The association between clustering of risk factors and self-reported cardiovascular disease among women was investigated in a cross-sectional study using a multistage population-based sample. Participants were interviewed at home about diabetes mellitus, physical activity, and diet pattern. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure > 140/90mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medication. Cardiovascular disease included self-reported myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery bypass surgery, and stroke. A sample of 1,007 women from Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, mostly white (73%), 44.8 ± 0.8 years old, and with 9.3 ± 0.3 years of schooling was investigated. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, low fruit and vegetable intake, and lack of vigorous or moderate physical activity were clustered into a combination of risk factors, which were independently associated with self-reported cardiovascular disease. The main cluster included hypertension and diabetes, accounting for an independent risk ratio of 8.5 (95%CI: 3.0-24.5). Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is strongly associated with self-reported cardiovascular disease among women.

Síndrome metabólica e menopausa: estudo transversal em ambulatório de ginecologia

“…In a study conducted in the city of Porto Alegre, 5.1% of women had an aggregate of four to five risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and 4.5% had a combination of high blood pressure and diabetes, which are two of the MS components 25 .…”

Obstructive sleep apnea, detected by the Berlin Questionnaire: an associated risk factor for coronary artery disease

“…Details of this study are described elsewhere 19 . Among 1,210 individuals aged 40 years or older, a random sample of 439 individuals matched to the cases, by age and gender, were selected.…”

“…Controls were interviewed during a home visit, as part of a larger study 19 . Case patients answered the BQ, read by the investigators, after catheterization.…”

Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-Porto Alegre) for adolescent, adult and elderly populations from Southern Brazil

“…The SOFT Study investigated adolescents (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and adults (20-90 years of age) using a crosssectional design, from a population-based sampling from Porto Alegre. Details of the study can be found elsewhere 12 .…”

“…Details of the study can be found elsewhere 12 . In this validity study, a sub-sample of 127 adolescents and 127 adults was selected through a simple random sampling based on the previous household mapping.…”