Determinantes biológicos e sócio-culturais associados à prática de atividade física de adolescentes

Abstract

Physical activity is important for health promotion and disease prevention. Effective physical activity programs for adolescents require a proper understanding of the determinants of activity levels. The main purpose of this paper was to review the scientific literature on determinants of physical activity among adolescents: demographic, biological (age, gender, socioeconomic status), and socio-cultural (family, peers, and physical education teachers IntroduçãoA atualidade é percorrida por um forte incremento da morbidade associada a doenças não infecciosas e crônico-degenerativas que se pensa estar na dependência estreita da drástica alteração no estilo de vida das populações. Desde os tempos em que era caçador-recoletor até o presente, o homem modificou substancialmente a sua forma de estar e viver, sobretudo nos últimos 100-150 anos com a revolução industrial e mais recentemente com a robótica. Passou a ser mais inativo, a consumir mais tabaco e a aderir a hábi-tos nutricionais cada vez menos saudáveis.Não é pois de estranhar que a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) 1 tenha referido que cerca de 60%-85% da população dos países desenvolvidos e dos países em transição tenham estilos de vida sedentários. Foi estimado que, em todo o mundo, a estimativa global da prevalência de inatividade física em indivíduos com idade superior a 15 anos é de 17%, variando entre os 11% e os 24% consoante as regiões. Num outro estudo conduzido por Sjostrom et al. 2 em países da Comunidade Européia, 31% dos sujeitos com idade superior a 15 anos foram considerados sedentários. Também no Brasil, recente revisão da situação no país indicou prevalências que variaram de 26,7% a 78,2%, dependendo da região e da faixa etária estudada 3 .Este quadro alarmante obrigou a que organizações científico-médicas tenham declarado REVISÃO REVIEW

Avaliacao de projeto de promocao da saude para adolescentes

“…12 This study showed that male adolescents, in both the intervention and control group, are more physically active than their female counterparts, which concurs with the literature which, in turn, indicates that this difference between sexes is due to socio-cultural, historic and biological elements. 3,12 Studies recommend establishing exercise programs for adolescents, especially for girls, as they are at higher risk of being physically inactive. The proposals emphasize that the activities should be interesting, and mean something to the pupils and live up to their expectations.…”

“…12 In this context, exercise for young people becomes a public health priority, 3 and suggests the need to implement programs aimed at school age children and adolescents. 12 This study showed that male adolescents, in both the intervention and control group, are more physically active than their female counterparts, which concurs with the literature which, in turn, indicates that this difference between sexes is due to socio-cultural, historic and biological elements. 3,12 Studies recommend establishing exercise programs for adolescents, especially for girls, as they are at higher risk of being physically inactive.…”

“…The proposals emphasize that the activities should be interesting, and mean something to the pupils and live up to their expectations. 12 With regards to the topic of healthy eating, the HLP promoted the "Tasty Living" and "Health Leisure" events in 2007 and 2009 respectively in the school community l and the work experience placements as part of Universidade Federal de Goiás health care courses between 2007 and 2010. 4 However, this study's fi ndings reveal that in the two groups studied approximately half of the adolescents consumed healthy food, results similar to those of the NSHS, m,n and suggesting, based on this fact, that the Healthy Living project did not yield 16 as recommended by studies, legislation and current public policies.…”

“…Therefore, it was deemed necessary to assess the determinants of being physically inactive and not eating healthily, together with school communities considering, among the various factors, school meals, the availability of safe public spaces in which to exercise, the teachers' training and the way in which these topics are approached in the school. 12 Several studies recommend establishing campaigns to promote healthy habits and changes in behavior in pupils, and others emphasize the importance of educating this population on the risk factors for chronic non-communicable illness and measures for avoiding these illnesses. 1,6,11,15 The PVS sought to promote permanent educational campaigns for teachers and health care professionals, and events promoting health in the partner school communities approaching topics concerned with healthy habits and citizenship through active methodologies.…”

Variation of BMI and anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity in Brazilian adolescents from public schools, 2003–2008

“…Mean BMI increased in the younger group by 0?6 kg/m 2 among boys and by The stabilization of overweight prevalence in boys could also have resulted from a possible higher level of physical activity among boys compared with girls. Even though we did not analyse physical activity data, it is possible that the boys were more active than the girls as observed by a systematic review (28) and a Brazilian nationwide surveillance study (29) .…”