Análise espacial dos focos de Biomphalaria glabrata e de casos humanos de esquistossomose mansônica em Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brasil, no ano 2000

Abstract

O presente artigo mostra a distribuição espacial da esquistossomose, correlacionando focos de caramujos com os casos humanos, por meio de análise espacial. As localidades estudadas foram Merepe III, Pantanal, Salinas e Socó, que representam 70% da área habitada de Porto de Galinhas. No inquérito realizado em 2000, foram identificados 15 focos do vetor Biomphalaria glabrata; os casos humanos foram diagnosticados e registrados por quarteirão de residência. A análise espacial foi realizada no programa TerraView, utilizando-se o estimador de intensidade kernel. Com relação aos focos de moluscos vetores, as taxas de infecção total variaram entre 15% e 32,4%. Os resultados da análise indicam a existência de uma forte tendência espacial para o risco de transmissão nas localidades de Salinas e Socó. Em Merepe, ocorreu o maior número de focos, mas as taxas de infecção dos moluscos foram as mais baixas e a análise espacial evidenciou menor concentração de risco em relação às outras localidades estudadas. Com relação aos casos humanos, observaram-se duas áreas em que os aglomerados de maior intensidade são representados por tons mais escuros.

Spatial pattern, water use and risk levels associated with the transmission of schistosomiasis on the north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil

“…The intensity of infection by S. mansoni is a better morbidity indicator than prevalence, as used in the determination of serious forms of the disease, especially the hepatosplenic form 11 . However, young people were found carrying the disease (10-19 age group) with a high parasite load (≥ 500), which may indicate recent and intense exposure to water contaminated by the parasite 8 .…”

“…According to Araújo et al 8 , to better understand the processes involved in the transmission of the disease, it is necessary to use locality-level research. Nevertheless, knowledge generated by parasitological research should be combined with modern epidemiological analysis in order to provide answers to environmental, ecological and behavioral questions involved in the spatial dynamics of endemic disease transmission 8 .…”

“…Nevertheless, knowledge generated by parasitological research should be combined with modern epidemiological analysis in order to provide answers to environmental, ecological and behavioral questions involved in the spatial dynamics of endemic disease transmission 8 .…”

Treatment and education reduce the severity of schistosomiasis periportal fibrosis

“…Several factors are related to the occurrence of schistosomal infection, including exposure time, frequency of contact with contaminated water, and age at infection. Different contacts with contaminated water bodies (natural waters, stream waters, water reservoirs) may determine different epidemiological patterns of infection and transmission 9 . Thus, understanding the evolution of the various clinical forms of schistosomiasis involves understanding a set of factors, such as poor housing and sanitation conditions, economic and sociocultural activities related to the use of contaminated water in rural areas, lack of health education, low adherence to control programs, and lack of an effective vaccine, all of which have contributed to morbidity 10 .…”

Spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection before and after chemotherapy with two praziquantel doses in a community of Pernambuco, Brazil

“…Studies on disease clustering involve the identification of areas with a higher temporal or spatial (or both) risk of disease, or the assessment of elevated risk around presumed sources of hazard (Bailey 2001). Cluster analysis of the spatial distribution of S. mansoni infection in Brazil that was aimed at identifying highrisk areas was used by Gazzinelli et al (2006) in Virgem das Graças, Minas Gerais and by Araújo et al (2007) in Porto de Galinhas, PE to verify the correlation between snail foci and human cases. In China, Zhang et al (2009) also used cluster analysis to identify high-risk regions for Schistosoma japonicum infection.…”