Influencia del contexto sociocultural en la percepción del riesgo y la negociación de protección en hombres homosexuales pobres de la costa peruana

Abstract

This paper focuses on risk, conceived not as an individual action, but considering its social dimension, analyzing the various forms in the socio-cultural context related to internalized homophobia and hegemonic gender norms that allow barriers to be constructed in risk perception. Such barriers hinder negotiation and protection among homosexual men that have adopted a female gender identity, living in low-income barrios of Lima and Trujillo, Peru. Risk perception is analyzed on the socio-cultural plane, allowing one to explain the limited negotiating capacity of this population, even though they have extensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its consequences.

Diversity of commercial sex among men and male-borntranspeople in three Peruvian cities

“…Data on sexual behaviour in these and other studies also show that exchange of sex for money or goods is relatively common among some groups of MSM (Caceres et al 2008; Konda et al 2008b; Valderrama et al 2008), and that HIV occurs more frequently among those with more feminine identities (including travestis ) and those who assume the passive (receptive) sex role in anal sex (Lama et al 2006; Salazar et al 2006; Tabet et al 2002). Recent research has also detected high levels of HIV and STI in travestis receiving care at a clinic in Callao (Konda et al 2008a), in different groups of sex workers in the Amazon (Valderrama et al 2008), and among fletes in central Lima (A. Bayer, pers.…”

“…Concern about spread of epidemics of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) has focused scientific interest upon homosexual practices and CSMT (Bautista et al 2004; Clark et al 2007; Konda et al 2008a, 2008b; Lama et al 2006; Montano et al 2005; Paris et al 2001; Salazar and Silva Santisteban 2009; Sanchez et al 2007; Tabet et al 2002; Valderrama et al 2008). Some studies have examined the socio-cultural context of compensated sex (Fernandez-Davila et al 2008; Salazar et al 2005, 2006), sex work within the framework of male sexual cultures (Caceres and Jimenez 1999; Caceres and Rosasco 1999, 2000), and social vulnerability and violence associated with CSMT (Caro 1999). Certainly, the research objectives of studies are diverse and CSMT is not always their main focus, but some reports offer some clues that allow us to infer that the CSMT is more complex and varied than usually thought from public policy and popular stereotypes, both by the different sexual identities of those who offer sexual services (Konda et al 2008a), as well as the places and ways in which it is practised (Bayer et al 2010; Caceres and Jimenez 1999).…”

Moderno Love: Sexual Role-Based Identities and HIV/STI Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Lima, Peru

“…While these analyses have documented the centrality of traditional norms of gender and sexuality in organizing sexual contacts between MSM in urban Peru, they have also identified ways in which these norms are often subverted, and the importance of social and cultural contexts in constructing the meanings of male sexuality [20, 36]. Recent research has also emphasized the blurring of boundaries between gender and sexuality through the production of “transgender” as a unique category of gendered sexual identity similar to but entirely distinct from male-identified MSM [37].…”

Prevalence of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Associated Characteristics among Low-Income Urban Males in Peru

“…However, this analysis of male-male sexuality is based on studies of Latino communities in the United States, who have been partially or thoroughly influenced by U.S. gay communities and cultures. Understanding of male same-sex contact and associated risk behaviors within Latin America itself is an important area that has only begun to be explored [5], [6], [13], [18], [28], [29].…”