Reconstructing the AIDS epidemic among injection drug users in Brazil

Hacker, Mariana A.; Leite, Iuri Costa; Renton, Adrian; Torres, Tania Guillén de; Gracie, Renata; Bastos, Francisco Inácio

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400014

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The data on the method of transmission of HIV-1 confirm those found in the other regions of the country, in which sexual relations was predominant 19,20 , especially among individuals with a low level of education. Intestinal parasite infection presents a problem among HIV-1 patients because of the decreased immunity and the infestation by pathogenic microorganisms, which may result in diarrhea 20,21 . Data on the LTCD4 + count were found only in some forms; therefore, no inference could be made.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric parasites in HIV-1/AIDS-infected patients from a Northwestern São Paulo reference unit in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Cardoso

Galisteu

Júnior

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:We describe the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in patients from an AIDS reference service in Northeastern São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Retrospective evaluation was done for all HIV-1/AIDS-positive patients whose Hospital de Base/São José do Rio Preto laboratorial analysis was positive for enteroparasites after diagnosis of HIV-1 infection, from January 1998 to December 2008. Statistical analysis was performed using the R statistical software version 2.4.1. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: The most frequent protozoan was Isospora belli (4.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (3.5%), Entamoeba coli (2.8%), and Cryptosporidium parvum (0.3%). Ancylostoma duodenale (1.4%) was the most frequently detected helminth, while Taenia saginata and Strongiloides stercoralis were found in 0.7% of the samples. The results showed that diarrhea was significantly associated with giardiasis and isosporiasis. However, no association was observed between CD4 + cell counts, viral load, and the characteristics of any particular parasite. Conclusions: Our data may be useful for further comparisons with other Brazilian regions and other developing countries. The data may also provide important clues toward improving the understanding, prevention, and control of enteric parasites around the world. Keywords: Epidemiology. HIV-1. AIDS. Enteroparasites. HAART. Brazil. RESUMOIntrodução: Descrevemos a epidemiologia de enteroparasitoses em pacientes de um serviço de referência de AIDS, no noroeste paulista, Brasil. Métodos: Durante o período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2008, foi realizado este estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados com HIV-1/AIDS atendidos no Ambulatório de Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias do Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas usando a versão 2.4.1 do software estatístico R. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: O protozoário mais frequente foi o Isospora belli (4,2%), seguido da Giardia lamblia (3,5%), Entamoeba coli (2,8%) e Criptosporidium parvum (0,3%). O Ancylostoma duodenalis (1,4%) foi o helminto mais detectado, enquanto a Taenia saginata e o Strongiloides stercoralis foram observados em 0,7% das amostras. Os resultados mostraram que a diarreia foi significativamente associada com giardíase e isosporíase. Entretanto, nenhuma associação foi observada entre as contagens de células T CD4 + , carga viral e da característica de qualquer parasita em particular. Conclusões: Nossos dados podem ser úteis para futuras comparações com outras regiões do Brasil e outros países em desenvolvimento. Os dados também podem fornecer pistas importantes para a melhoria da compreensão, prevenção e controle de parasitas entéricos em todo o mundo. Palavras-chaves: Epidemiologia. HIV-1. AIDS. Enteroparasitas. HAART. Brasil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric parasites in HIV-1/AIDS-infected patients from a Northwestern São Paulo reference unit in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Cardoso

Galisteu

Júnior

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In the south of the country, the epidemics among injecting drug users appear not to be abating (Hacker et al, 2006). Meanwhile, a cross-sectional study in the states of Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo, has found that 37% of injecting drug users were infected with HIV, and those infection levels were significantly associated with incarceration and having unprotected sex with other men (Caiaffa et al, 2006).…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Hiv Are Occurring Among Injecting Drug Users Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Daar

Сингер

Persad

et al. 2007

Nature

553

379

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“…10 Due to specifi c patterns of cocaine use -constant and repetitive use in a single day -active cocaine users frequently engage in risk behaviors to maintain their patterns of consumption. 11,12 Some studies have also reported the transition toward crack cocaine of former cocaine snorters and/or injectors in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%