A diversidade do HIV-1: uma ferramenta para o estudo da pandemia

Abstract

HIV-1 is remarkable for the diversity of strains comprising the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In the last decade, classification of viral variants as groups, subtypes, and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) and the observation of specific mutational patterns have become powerful tools for studying viral molecular dynamics. Monitoring the worldwide distribution of HIV-1 diversity has been used in both epidemiological surveillance programs and in reconstructing the history of regional epidemics. Specific patterns of virus spatial distribution also suggest differences in pathogenicity and transmissibility among the various subtypes. Molecular analyses of viral sequences allow estimating the rate of divergence among variants and the dynamic forces shaping the phylogenetic trees.

Prevalência de subtipos do HIV-1 em amostra de pacientes de um centro urbano no sul do Brasil

“…Essa diversidade viral tem impacto no diagnóstico, monitoramento, terapia e desenvolvimento de vacinas para o HIV. 16 O HIV-1 está disseminado no mundo inteiro e é o responsável pela grande maioria dos casos de Aids, mas a distribuição dos respectivos subtipos é heterogênea, variando conforme a região geográfi ca. O subtipo B, por exemplo, é encontrado na Europa e nas Américas, mas apresenta uma freqüência menor na África e na Ásia, onde os subtipos A, C, D e E são predominantes.…”

The evolution of HIV/AIDS knowledge

“…Within the host cell, the viral capsid loosens and, by the action of reverse transcriptase, the viral RNA is transformed into a double-stranded DNA that binds to integrase to migrate to the cell nucleus where the virus controls cell synthesis for the production of copies of viral RNA. Messenger RNAs are produced that migrate to the cell cytoplasm where they synthesize Cag, Gag-Pol, and Env proteins (PINTO & STRUCHINER, 2006;.…”

Telehealth: a proposed protocol for telemonitoring in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic

“…To insert its genetic material into the host cell, it uses the gp160 protein, which is composed of the gp120 and gp41 subunits. gp120 is responsible for binding the virus to the CD4 receptor and the co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 inducing conformational changes that expose the gp41 protein which folds and drives the formation of pores that allow the entry of & STRUCHINER, 2006;.…”