Changes in male reproductive health and effects of endocrine disruptors in Scandinavian countries

Toppari, Jorma; Haavisto, Anne-Maarit; Alanen, Markku

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2002000200005

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Although generally considered to be a malformation of male genitalia, hypospadias can also occur in females and is characterized by clefting of the clitoris and mislocalization of vaginal and/or urethral openings (Miyagawa et al, 2002;Stadler, 2003). In the USA, the incidence of hypospadias approximately doubled, without explanation, between 1968 and 1993, and similar increases have been reported throughout the industrialized world (Paulozzi et al, 1997;Pierik et al, 2002;Toppari et al, 2002). Paradoxically, the molecular mechanisms that regulate early development of the external genitalia remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the mammalian urethra is controlled by Fgfr2-IIIb

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the mammalian urethra is controlled by Fgfr2-IIIb

et al. 2005

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“…Potential adverse outcomes in humans are mostly described as effects on reproductive and sexual development and function [8,9], such as decreased sperm quality and increase in subfertility [10][11][12][13][14], changes in sex ratio [15,16], puberty disorders and higher incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias [9,12,15,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Endocrine Hormone Disrupters in Water Using SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-MS

Henriques¹,

Cardoso²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2010

JWARP

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The aim of this study was developed and validated an analytical method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction to monitorizing ten endocrine hormone disrupters in Lisbon drinking water system. Natural and synthetic hormones (17-β-estradiol, ethinylestradiol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, mestranol and diethylstilbestrol) and some industrial products (4-n-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and bisphenol A) were studied. Mass spectrometer detection parameters were optimized, such as the best conditions for the precursor ion formation, namely cone voltage, when applying negative and positive electrospray ionization, and also collision energy for MRM1 and MRM2 transitions. The best conditions of the solid phase extraction (SPE) using Waters Oasis HLB (6 mL, 200 mg) and Isolute C18 (EC) (6 ml, 1000 mg) were also optimized. The method was validated through the application of several statistical tests and the uncertainty estimation of the analytical assay. This method showed a very good linear range for all the studied analytes with determination coefficients (r 2 ) between 0.9962 and 0.9999 and coefficients of variation lower than 4%. There were no significant differences between recoveries obtained with the studied matrices, like groundwater, surface water and water for human consumption. In these matrices, the recovery values varied between 32 and 95%. The limits of method detection were between 0.28 and 22 ng/L. The validated method was applied for the analysis of water samples from the EPAL (Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A.) water supply system including tap water, spring water, groundwater, and river water. Some target compounds (bisphenol A, progesterone, 4-tert-octylphenol, and 4-n-nonylphenol) were found in trace amounts in analysed waters.

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“…About 95% of all TCs are represented by germ cell tumours (GCTs) and seminoma accounts for approximately 50% of all GCTs (Bosl & Motzer 1997). The incidence of TC varies according to geographical area, with a major incidence in the north of Europe and New Zealand (Adami et al 1994, Bosl & Motzer 1997, Toppari et al 2002, Hemminki & Li 2004. The worldwide incidence of TC has more than doubled over the past 40 years (Devesa 1995, Bosl et al 1997, Huyge et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene in testicular cancer

Garolla

Ferlin²,

Vinanzi³

et al. 2005

Endocr Relat Cancer

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Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common solid tumour in white males aged 20-34 years, and its incidence has doubled over the past 40 years. Some risk factors for TC have been proposed, such as cryptorchidism, infertility and testicular dysgenesis. However, the causes of TC remain still largely unknown. Recently a genetic basis for TC has been proposed, but specific genetic alterations have not been identified. The risk of TC is markedly increased in subjects with androgen insensitivity and some authors have suggested that mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene or disorders of CAG and GGC repeats could be related to TC. However, definitive data have not been produced. In this study, we analysed the AR gene for mutations and CAG and GGC triplets in exon 1 in 123 patients affected by TC. In three patients (2.3%) we found a mutation in the AR gene, two of which represent a novel mutation. Evaluation of CAG and GGC repeat numbers showed no difference with respect to controls when these variables were analysed separately. However, when joint distributions of CAG and GGC were considered, we found that the combination CAG=20/ GGC=17 was significantly more frequent in TC patients (8.1%) with respect to controls (1.7%, P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed that in TC subjects, differently from controls, the joint analysis of CAG and GGC showed a statistically significant dependence among these variable repeats. In conclusion, our data show for the first time a high prevalence of AR gene mutations in patients affected by TC and suggest that some CAG/GGC combinations might be more frequently associated with an increased risk of TC.Endocrine-Related Cancer (2005) 12 645-655

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Changes in male reproductive health and effects of endocrine disruptors in Scandinavian countries

Abstract: Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many ways during the last decades. The incidence of testicular cancer has rapidly increased in Europe and

Cited by 23 publications

References 74 publications

Development of the mammalian urethra is controlled by Fgfr2-IIIb

Development of the mammalian urethra is controlled by Fgfr2-IIIb

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Endocrine Hormone Disrupters in Water Using SPE/LC-(ESI)MS-MS

Molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene in testicular cancer

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