Control comunitario de las infecciones endémicas: pensando los haceres sanitarios colectivos de los campesinos de los Andes peruanos

Abstract

A partir del caso de cuatro experiencias andinas peruanas de control de leishmaniasis y malaria, se discuten los conceptos de culturas sanitarias periféricas y lógicas prácticas de la acción. Las culturas sanitarias periféricas se refieren a las habilidades de planificación, organización y acción sobre problemas sanitarios colectivos relevantes realizadas por grupos sociales periféricos. Y las lógicas prácticas de la acción colectiva implican la creación permanente de formas de acción diferenciadas de otros grupos (profesionales, trabajadores de salud formales) que intervienen en la salud local. Se concluye sugiriendo la necesidad de transformar las lógicas de acción de los programas oficiales, incorporando las lógicas inclusivas, solidarias y culturalmente apropiadas generadas por las experiencias rurales de salud realizadas por los propios campesinos.

The epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in Andean countries

“…The demand for anti-leishmanial drugs during the 1980s amongst jungle migrants from Cusco, Peru, who were at particularly high risk of MCL, led remarkably to the formation of self-help patient associations. These successfully lobbied for improvements in drug availability and provided a health education service which encouraged patients to seek early treatment (Guerra et al, 1993, Wong-Un, 1998. In endemic areas, such as in the departments of La Paz and Beni, Bolivia (Dedet et al, 1995), early diagnosis and treatment of patients has been greatly facilitated by nongovernmental organizations, usually funded by international aid.…”

Los Determinantes Ambientales Y La Cultura en La Transmisión De Enfermedades

“…Esto demuestra que es necesario, previa a una intervención, utilizar mecanismos para entender estos sistemas y sobre ellos trabajar, para no atropellar los espacios de representación en los que se desarrolla una sociedad. (Briceño-León 1996, Wong-Un 1998. Así también entender que la representación de una enfermedad forma parte de sistemas socio-simbólicos (Lacaze 2002, Mallart 2006 más amplios y como el manejo de su ecosistema también va por la representación que genera acciones sobre él.…”

A socio-psychological perspective on community participation in health during the Unidad Popular government: Santiago de Chile, from 1970 to 1973

“…Participatory approaches have been conceptualised within a biomedical background, oriented toward the expansion of health services to marginalised groups and the cultural adaptation of health systems to local contexts, providing more cost-efficient medical services (Filho and de Araújo, 2002;Torri, 2012), and, recently from a socio-psychological perspective, community participation has been directed at changing health-related behaviour through peer education programmes and community empowerment (Guareschi and Jovchelovitch, 2004;Ramella and de la Cruz, 2000). Although there are some exceptions (Quintal de Freitas, 2000;Wong-Un, 1998), this general perspective of analysis neglects the central role that disadvantaged communities have played in the construction of health institutions and social responses to public health challenges in our societies, alienating what is essentially a social product from its historical subject, that is, the organisation and mobilisation of urban workers, peasants and pobladores. 1 The comprehension of health as a social product implies the existence of different social subjects that have consciously constructed and transformed health institutions within history, not as a gradual and consensual process, but as a reflection of antagonist interests among social classes (Molina, 2010;Navarro, 1974).…”