Aids em crianças: considerações sobre a transmissão vertical

Ortigao, Maria Beatriz

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1995000100021

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The first report about childhood-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was described in 1982 [1]. Since then, the increase in heterosexual transmission has resulted in a higher incidence of cases among women and a consequent increase in vertical transmission.…”

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“…Since then, the increase in heterosexual transmission has resulted in a higher incidence of cases among women and a consequent increase in vertical transmission. About 75%-85% of infected children acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through this pathway; 20%-25% through blood transfusion or blood products; in older children and adolescents, HIV is acquired through sexual transmission or use an intravenous drug needles [1][2]. In 2000, Szwarcwald et al estimated that 12,800 children 0-14 years-old were infected by HIV in Brazil and that 1,968 were born alive with HIV [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lipodystrophic syndrome in children and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

2008

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The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has resulted in greater survival of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the use of these drugs has been associated with lipodystrophic syndrome (LS), which is characterized by metabolic alterations (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and lactic acidosis) and abnormal corporal fat distribution. Clinically, LS may manifest as three different forms: lipohipertrophy (accumulation of fat in the central part of the body), lipoatrophy (loss of fat in the extremities, face and buttocks) and mixed (lipohipertrophy + lipoatrophy). Although its physiopathology has not been elucidated, some mechanisms have been described, including leptin and adiponectin deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction and use of antiretroviral drugs. The type, dose and duration of the antiretroviral treatment, as well as age and puberty are the main risk factors. LS is also associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular illnesses, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Treatment includes physical activity, cautious restriction of caloric intake, changes in antiretroviral therapy, and use of insulin-sensitizing and lipid-lowering agents. Follow up must be periodic, consisting of measurement of body fat distribution, evaluation of the lipid profile and insulin resistance.

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Lipodystrophic syndrome in children and adolescents infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

2008

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“…Because of that, mothers are advised to suspend the breast-feeding (Brazil, 2006). However, Ortigão (1995) discusses that mother's milk could be the single nutritional source for the nursling in low revenue families, making that the risk to take HIV becomes less relevant than the risk of death due to innutrition. This author quotes that the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in countries where infectious diseases and innutrition are the main causes for child mortality, the breast-feeding should be recommended for all mothers, including the ones with HIV infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical care to pregnant women carrying human immunodeficiency virus

Romeu¹,

Paiva

Fé³

2009

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The purpose of this present study was to know the pharmacoepidemiological profile of pregnant women carrying HIV, the prevention actions against vertical transmission, and evaluate the service respecting the patients' level of satisfaction. It was developed a quali-quantitative longitudinal study, with the sample being composed by pregnant women carrying HIV attended at the Pharmaceutical Care Service of a public hospital of Fortaleza -state of Ceará, during the period between January and September, 2007. The data were collected by means of follow-up cards, patients' medical history and, finally, interviews to verify the users' level of satisfaction related to the service. Twenty seven pregnant and parturient women have participated in the study. The mean profile found was of a single woman, aged in the range between 18 and 28 years, of Caucasian race or dark colored, with familial revenue below the minimum wage, having elementary or high school, and being unemployed. It was observed that 77.8% (n=21) of patients followed all prevention strategies against maternal-infant transmission. Twenty nine drug related problems have been detected, out of which 51.7% (n=15) were resolved. The general level of satisfaction respecting the Pharmaceutical Care Service was quite satisfactory. By means of the Pharmaceutical Care Service, the pharmacist professional effectively collaborates for the correct utilization of medications, and this action results directly in a decrease of HIV vertical transmission.Uniterms: Pharmacoepidemiology. Pharmaceutical Care. HIV. Pregnant women/pharmacoepidemiological profile.Objetivou-se com o presente estudo conhecer o perfil farmacoepidemiológico das gestantes portadoras do vírus HIV, as ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical e avaliar o serviço quanto ao nível de satisfação das pacientes. Realizou-se estudo quali-quantitativo, longitudinal, sendo a amostra composta pelas gestantes portadoras do vírus HIV atendidas no Serviço de Atenção Farmacêutica de um hospital público de Fortaleza-CE, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2007. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de fichas de seguimento, prontuários das pacientes e, finalmente, entrevistas para verificar o nível de satisfação das usuárias em relação ao serviço. Participaram do estudo 27 gestantes e parturientes infectadas pelo HIV. O perfil encontrado foi de mulheres solteiras, na faixa etária de 18 a 28 anos, de cor branca ou parda, com renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo, com ensino fundamental ou médio e desempregadas. Observou-se que 77,8% (n=21) pacientes seguiram todas as estratégias de prevenção da transmissão materno-infantil. Detectaram-se 29 problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos, dos quais 51,7% (n=15) foram resolvidos. O nível de satisfação geral em relação ao serviço de atenção farmacêutica foi bastante satisfatório. Por meio do serviço de atenção farmacêutica, o profissional farmacêutico colabora com a utilização correta dos medicamentos, podendo repercutir diretamente na redução da transmissão vertical do HIV.

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“…However, the placental membrane constitutes an important barrier between mother and fetus (Ortigão 1995). A recent study found that cells from placental membranes of non-transmitters were not infected by HIV-1, although lymphocytes present within the placentas were HIV-1 positive (Tscherning-Casper et al 1999).…”

Section: Mother's Health and Genotypementioning

confidence: 99%