Avaliação de alguns tratamentos na intoxicação por amônia em bovinos

Kitamura, Sandra Satiko; Antonelli, Alexandre Coutinho; Maruta, Celso Akio; Sucupira, Maria Cláudia Araripe; Mori, Clara Satsuki; Yonezawa, Letícia Andreza; Michima, Lílian Emy dos Santos; Soares, Pierre Castro; Ortolani, Enrico Lippi

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352010000600002

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The cases of ruminal alkalosis caused by an excessive intake of urea occurred in the form of an outbreak in extensivelyraised beef cattle who were supplemented with protein salt. The use of non-protein nitrogen, through urea, together with mineral mixtures (protein salt) is a cost-effective alternative to providing greater amounts of protein in the diet, especially during the winter period (Kitamura et al 2010). Alkalosis usually occurs in non-adapted animals that ingest high doses of urea in the first few days of consumption (Kitamura et al 2002, Riet-Correa 2007, which was observed in both outbreaks in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…According to the cattle owner in one of the outbreaks, there were dominant animals in the batch, which may have contributed to some cattle ingesting greater amounts of protein salt. A preventive measure against ruminal alkalosis is to keep the saltshakers covered, preventing them from being hit on rainy days (Riet-Correa 2007, Kitamura et al 2010). On both properties, there were unshelled saltshakers where urea-rich salt was available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a treatment, the rapid administration of 3 to 5 liters of weak acids (acetic acid or vinegar) orally or intra-ruminally (Kitamura et al 2002, Riet-Correa 2007) is recommended, a measure adopted in one of the cattle committed, however, without success. As a form of prevention, urea should be introduced gradually into the diet, so that the ruminal microbiota can adapt (Riet-Correa 2007, Kitamura et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

et al. 2020

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A retrospective study of gastric disorders in autopsied cattle in the Western region of Rio Grande do Sul State, was performed. The exam reports of bovine necropsy of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Unipampa, were analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2018. All cases in which death was primarily caused by disturbance in the gastric chambers were included. During the period evaluated, 141 cattle were necropsied. Of those, 25 had gastric disorders. Of those, 53% had alterations in the rumen, followed by abomasum (17%), involvement of two chambers (13%) and reticulum (9%). Most cases corresponded to beef cattle raised in an extensive system and most them for calf production and fattening with an average age of approximately three years. The cases occurred in farms of four different municipalities. Bullous bloat by excessive Trifolium repens ingestion was the gastric disturbance with the highest number of dead cattle observed in this study, especially in irrigated áreas of livestock farms. Cases such as lactic acidosis, ruminal alkalosis due to excessive urea ingestion and Baccharis coridifolia poisoning were also important gastric disturbances in necropsied cattle, associated especially with poor management and period of scarcity of good quality fodder. Cases of Clostridium perfringens infection were also observed in young cattle suggesting that it is an important infectious agent in the evaluated cattle herds, also showing failures in vaccination of the herds. As observed, gastric disturbances in cattle in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul have several causes. Metabolic/toxic and infectious disturbances were important causes of mortality in the herds, inducing considerable economic losses. Based on this study, it is clear that the majority of outbreaks or isolated cases occurred due to errors in the management of the properties and the vast majority of them could have been avoided with improvements in the technical qualification of the workers and simple adjustments in the farming methods. It is also emphasized the importance of the conclusive diagnosis to control these disorders, once after the orientation to the producers, was observed significant decrease in cattle losses in the farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

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Acid-base status of ammonia-poisoned steers

Antonelli

Mori

Soares

et al. 2012

Agraria

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Although several studies on ammonia poisoning have been carried out, there is a lack of information on acid-base balance status in ammonia-poisoned cattle. Twelve crossbred steers received intraruminally 0.5 g of urea per kg of body weight in order to induce a clinical picture of ammonia poisoning. Blood samples were collected throughout the trials in order to determine the blood ammonia, lactate, and perform blood gas analysis. All cattle presented a classical clinical picture of ammonia poisoning, with a blood ammonia concentration rising progressively from the beginning until reaching higher values at 180 min (27 ± 3 to 1719 ± 101 µmol L -1 ), with a similar pattern occurring with blood L-lactate levels (1.7 ± 0.3 to 26.0 ± 1.7 mmol L -1 ). The higher the blood ammonia concentration the higher the blood L-lactate levels (r = 0.86). All animals developed metabolic acidosis, as blood pH lowered to 7.24 0.03. The steers tried to compensate the metabolic acidosis mainly through the use of blood buffers and respiratory adjustments by lowering the pCO 2 levels in the blood to 32.8 ± 2.0 mm Hg.Key words: blood gas analysis, bovine, toxicity, urea Estado ácido-básico de garrotes intoxicados por amônia RESUMO Apesar dos diversos estudos sobre a intoxicação por amônia, ainda existe uma lacuna de informação sobre o estado do equilíbrio ácido-básico em bovinos intoxicados por amônia. Doze garrotes mestiços receberam, intrarruminalmente, 0,5 g de ureia por kg de peso vivo com a finalidade de induzir quadro clínico de intoxicação por amônia. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas para determinação de amônia e lactato-L e realização de hemogasometria. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro clínico clássico de intoxicação por amônia. A concentração de amônia sanguínea elevou-se progressivamente desde o início do experimento até atingir seus valores mais elevados, após 180 min da administração da ureia (27 ± 3 to 1719 ± 101 µmol.L -1 ), e os teores de lactato-L apresentaram padrão similar (1,7 ± 0,3 to 26,0 ± 1,7 mmol.L -1 ). Quanto mais elevada foi a concentração de amônia sanguínea maior foi a concentração de lactato-L no sangue (r=0,86). Todos os animais desenvolveram acidose metabólica sendo que o pH sanguíneo diminui a valores médios de 7,24 ± 0,03. Os garrotes tentaram compensar a acidose metabólica através principalmente do uso de tampões presentes no sangue e compensação respiratória por meio da diminuição dos teores de pCO 2 para valores médios de 32,8 ± 2,0 mmHg. Palavras-chave: hemogasometria, bovinos, intoxicação, ureia

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Avaliação de alguns tratamentos na intoxicação por amônia em bovinos

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Acid-base status of ammonia-poisoned steers

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