On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets

Detmann, Edênio; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352010000400030

Cited by 230 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…After collection, pH was measured with a digital potentiometer. The ammonia nitrogen (N-NH 3 ) concentration was determined after samples were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm/15 min, using the supernatant for analysis by Kjeldahl distillation (Detmann and Valadares Filho, 2010). Aliquots for the assessment of the main volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) were defrosted and centrifuged at 15,000 × g, at 4 °C for 60 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diets for sheep: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

et al. 2016

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat bran by spineless cactus (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in sugar cane-based diets on intake and nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters of sheep. Five sheep (Santa Inês; average initial weight of 34.0±3.6 kg) were fitted with cannulas in the rumen and then assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The maximum dry matter (DM; 1414 g d −1 ), digestible organic matter (658 g d −1 ), and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap; 425 g d −1 ) intakes were estimated by replacing 80.2, 89.9, and 50.5% of wheat bran. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility increased by 0.60 and 0.85 g kg -1 of DM. With the replacement of 57.1 and 62.2% of wheat bran, a maximum rate of NDF ingestion (0.70 h −1 ) and NDF ruminal pool (7.31 g) was obtained. Rumen pH increased with the inclusion of spineless cactus, while the maximum concentration of ammonia N (33.3 mg dL −1 ) and total volatile fatty acids (57.7 μmol mL −1 ) were estimated at the levels of 72.3 and 63.7% of replacement of wheat bran. It is recommended to replace 63% of wheat bran by spineless cactus in sugar cane-based diets, to promote better animal performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diets for sheep: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

et al. 2016

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“…The levels of non-fiber carbohydrates were calculated as described by Detmann and Valadares Filho (2010):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of protein supplementation on ruminal parameters and microbial community fingerprint of Nellore steers fed tropical forages

Bento

Azevedo

Gomes

et al. 2016

Animal

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In tropical regions, protein supplementation is a common practice in dairy and beef farming. However, the effect of highly degradable protein in ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition has not yet been investigated in a systematic manner. In this work, we aimed to investigate the impact of casein supplementation on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, specific activity of deamination (SAD), ammonia concentration and bacterial and archaeal community composition. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square balanced for residual effects, with four animals (average initial weight of 280 ± 10 kg) and four experimental periods, each with duration of 29 days. The diet comprised Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay with an average CP content of 9.8%, on a dry matter basis. Animals received basal forage (control) or infusions of pure casein (230 g) administered direct into the rumen, abomasum or divided (50 : 50 ratio) in the rumen/abomasum. There was no differences ( P > 0.05) in ruminal pH and microbial protein concentration between supplemented v. non-supplemented animals. However, in steers receiving ruminal infusion of casein the SAD and ruminal ammonia concentration increased 33% and 76%, respectively, compared with the control. The total concentration of VFA increased ( P < 0.05) in steers receiving rumen infusion of casein. SAD and the microbial protein concentration did not vary significantly among treatments during the feeding cycle, but mean SAD values were greater in steers supplemented in the rumen and rumen/abomasum. Ruminal ammonia concentration was positively correlated with SAD in animals receiving ruminal infusion of casein. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis revealed low similarity between treatments, animals and time of sample collection. Richness analysis and determination of the Shannon-Wiener index indicated no differences ( P > 0.05) in species richness and diversity of γ-proteobacteria, firmicutes and archaea between non-supplemented Nellore steers and steers receiving casein supplementation in the rumen. However, species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index were lower ( P < 0.05) for the phylum bacteroidetes in steers supplemented with casein in the rumen compared with non-supplemented animals. Venn diagrams indicated that the number of unique bands varied considerably among individual animals and was usually higher in number for non-supplemented steers compared with supplemented animals. These results add new knowledge about the effects of ruminal and postruminal protein supplementation on metabolic activities of rumen microbes and the composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in the rumen of steers.Keywords: beef cattle, casein, rumen degradable protein, deamination, microbial fingerprint ImplicationsFormulation of cattle diets requires balancing the availability of carbohydrates and protein in order to maximize microbial growth in the rumen. Increasing the availability of rumen degradable protein (RDP) is useful to red...

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“…It was determined the levels of dry matter ( The content of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) was obtained by the equation proposed by Detmann and Valadares Filho (2010), as it follows Equation 1:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of elephant grass silage added with dehydrated banana peel

Brant

Pimentel

Rigueira

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentative losses and nutritional value of elephant grass silages with the increasing of inclusion levels of dehydrated banana peel. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replications, being the silage exclusively from elephant grass, and five levels of inclusion of banana peel to the elephant grass silage, as the following -5; 10; 15; 20 and 25%, being added based on natural matter. The addition of the banana peel in the silage reduced linearly (p < 0.05) the pH, the ammoniacal nitrogen and the losses of the fermentative process. In addition, the inclusion of banana peel increased linearly (p < 0.05) the dry matter and non-fibrous carbohydrates. On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber were linearly reduced with the inclusion of the banana peel (p < 0.05), but there was no change in the dry matter digestibility in situ. The inclusion of dehydrated banana peel in elephant grass silage reduces the losses of the fermentation process with more consistent results at the 25% inclusion level, however, it reduces the silage nutritional value due to fibrous and protein quality.Keywords: co-product, fermentation, Musa, Pennisetum purpureum.Características fermentativas e valor nutricional da silagem de capim-elefante aditivada com casca de banana desidratada RESUMO. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as perdas fermentativas e o valor nutricional das silagens de capim-elefante com níveis crescentes de inclusão da casca de banana desidratada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo silagem exclusiva de capim-elefante e cinco níveis de inclusão da casca de banana à silagem de capimelefante -5; 10; 15; 20 e 25%, sendo adicionada com base na matéria natural. A adição da casca de banana na ensilagem reduziu linearmente (p < 0,05) o pH, nitrogênio amoniacal e as perdas do processo fermentativo. Ademais, a inclusão da casca de banana aumentou de forma linear (p < 0,05) a matéria seca e os carboidratos não fibrosos. Já a fibra em detergente neutro e em detergente ácido reduziu linearmente com inclusão da casca de banana (p < 0,05), mas não houve alteração na digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca. A inclusão de casca de banana desidratada na ensilagem do capim-elefante reduz as perdas do processo fermentativo com resultados mais consistentes no nível de 25% de inclusão, entretanto, reduz o valor nutricional por detrimento da qualidade fibrosa e proteica.

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On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets

Abstract: On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets[Sobre a estimação de carboidratos não fibrosos em alimentos e dietas]

Cited by 230 publications

References 5 publications

Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diets for sheep: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

Spineless cactus as a replacement for wheat bran in sugar cane-based diets for sheep: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters

Effect of protein supplementation on ruminal parameters and microbial community fingerprint of Nellore steers fed tropical forages

<b>Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of elephant grass silage added with dehydrated banana peel

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