Effects of carprofen administered by different routes to control experimental uveitis in dogs

Abstract

Efficacy of carprofen, administered by different routes, was studied in experimental uveitis in dogs. Anterior chamber paracenteses was accomplished at two different moments (M0 and M1), with a five hour interval between them. At M0 and M1, 0.2mL of aqueous humor was collected and quantitation of total protein and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were determined. Four groups were formed (n=8), which received carprofen at the end of M0, by the following routes: subcutaneous (GIm), subconjunctival (GII), and topical (GIII). A fourth group that received no treatment was instituted (Control). Conjunctival histopathology of the GII animals was performed. In all groups, values of protein and PGE 2 significantly enhanced at M1; however, they did not significantly change among groups at M1. Inflammatory exudate of acute character and mild hemorrhage were seen at histopathology after carprofen administration. Carprofen was unable to inhibit PGE 2 synthesis and the protein influx to the anterior chamber by any of the tested routes. However, the reduction of 44% in protein levels (topical) suggests that the agent can be used by this route as an adjuvant to control uveitis in dogs.Keywords: dog, uveitis, carprofen, total protein, prostaglandin E 2 RESUMO Estudaram-se os efeitos do carprofeno, aplicado por diferentes vias, em uveítes experimentais em cães. Realizou-se paracentese de câmara anterior em dois momentos (M0 e M1), com intervalo de cinco horas entre si. Em M0 e M1, colheram-se 0,2mL de humor aquoso e determinaram-se as concentrações de proteína total e de prostaglandina E 2 (PGE 2 ). Constituíram-se quatro grupos (n = 8), que receberam carprofeno ao final de M0 pelas vias subcutânea (GI), subconjuntival (GII) e tópica (GIII). Um quarto grupo não recebeu tratamento (controle). Procedeu-se à avaliação histopatológica nos indivíduos do GII. Em todos os grupos

Effects of different mydriatics on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and ruminal and intestinal motility in healthy sheep

“…In spite of it, atropine eye drops proved to produce a longer‐lasting effect of 13 h and to promote a more pronounced pupillary dilation (0.9 mm) when compared with the same drug delivered through the subconjunctival route. Studies in dogs demonstrated that subconjunctival route was less efficient in stabilizing blood–aqueous barrier than the topical route after the use of anti‐inflammatory drugs . Considering the average ± SD weight of 35.73 ± 1.23 kg of the individuals used in the study, an injection of 0.4 mL (4 mg/injection) did not exceed the total dose allowed for the species (0.05–0.20 mg/kg) and was chosen based on the veterinary literature and the volume tolerated by this route of administration …”

“…Studies in dogs demonstrated that subconjunctival route was less efficient in stabilizing blood-aqueous barrier than the topical route after the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. 23,24 Considering the average AE SD weight of 35.73 AE 1.23 kg of the individuals used in the study, an injection of 0.4 mL (4 mg/injection) did not exceed the total dose allowed for the species (0.05-0.20 mg/kg) 25 and was chosen based on the veterinary literature and the volume tolerated by this route of administration. 26 In Santa Inês sheep, the sympathomimetics phenylephrine and ibopamine did not cause alterations in pupil diameter.…”

Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and interleukin-1 β in the aqueous humor of dogs with normal and cataractous eyes

“…Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed under general anesthesia as previously described (Ribeiro et al 2010, Gilmour et al 2012 and 0.2mL of aqueous humor was slowly aspirated. In patients with cataract, the aqueous humor was collect at the end of the eletroretinographic examination.…”

“…Identifying possible chemical mediators involved in the pathogenesis of anterior uveitis and LIU is important because could have direct therapeutic implications, and the knowledge can be used to minimize the potential vision-threatening sequelae that result from intraocular inflammation (Chiou et al 1994, Pinard et al 2011. Aqueous humor concentrations of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), tumor necrosis factor-α, cicloxigenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, nitrites, nitrates, MMP-3 and -9 have been studied in dogs subjected to experimental breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (Ribeiro et al 2010, Pinard et al 2011, Gilmour et al 2012. Nonetheless, to date, the only cytokines dosed in the aqueous humor of dogs with cataracts were the vascular endothelial growth factor and PGE 2 (Abrams et al 2011, Sandberg et al 2012, Renzo et al 2014.…”