Age-related ultrasonography, cytology, and microbiologic exam of canine prostate

Abstract

The physiological parameters that could be reference for trustful diagnosis and prognosis of prostate disorders in dogs were obtained. Thirty six intact male dogs without clinical signs of neither prostatic nor reproductive disorders were allocated according the age in three groups. These animals were submitted to semen manual collection for microbiological exams; transabdominal ultrasonography to evaluate dimensions, ecogenicity, and texture of prostatic parenchyma and aspirative puncture with fine needle for cytological and microbiological analyses. Ultrasonography revealed that the predominant prostatic shape was round with regular surface. Dimensions varied according to age, being small in young animals and large in old ones. There was a positive correlation between prostatic dimensions and body weight. Microbiological exams detected microorganisms on seminal plasma from 11 dogs and prostate tissue aspirated from 10 animals, although they were healthy. Cytology did not reveal any inflammatory, proliferative, or neoplasic alteration in young and middle age dogs, but in three older dogs signs of hyperplasia/hypertrophy was found. It was observed positive correlation between age and cellular area but a negative correlation was observed between nucleus:cytoplasm ratio and craniocaudal dimension.

Alteraciones Prostáticas en Caninos Determinadas Mediante Ultrasonografía Y Citología Por Aspiración Eco-Guiada

“…El aumento de tamaño glandular prostático es un proceso que se presente generalmente en el perro adulto no castrado (Ravelo, 2000;Gadelha et al, 2009). Se puede afirmar entonces que la hiperplasia prostática es un proceso asociado al envejecimiento, que en mayor o menor grado está presente en la mayoría de caninos mayores de cinco años.…”

“…Asimismo, facilita la obtención de muestras de la lesión mediante la aspiración con aguja fina y biopsia percutánea (Nyland y Mattoon, 2002). Por otro lado, la citología se utiliza también como técnica diagnóstica porque permite identificar el tipo, estructura y morfología de las células y sus elementos para poder evaluar procesos inflamatorios, proliferativos y neoplásicos (Gadelha et al, 2009). …”

Digital radiography and ultrasonography in evaluation of the canine prostate

“…The canine prostate varies in size as a result of the influence of the natural aging process, breed, body weight, sexual maturity and disease (ATALAN et al, 1999a,b;DENNIS et al, 2010;GADELHA et al, 2008GADELHA et al, , 2009). The gland is present in all mammals but has clinical importance in humans and dogs due to the high incidence of diseases involving this organ (LEROY;NORTHRUP, 2009).…”

“…In general, prostatopathies cause alterations in prostatic volume and/or modify the appearance of the gland (GADELHA et al, 2008(GADELHA et al, , 2009LACRETA JUNIOR et al, 2012;LATTIMER;ESSMAN, 2014). The clinical signs are similar and unspecific, most of them associated with the compression that the affected gland exerts on adjacent anatomical structures, making it difficult to achieve a definitive clinical diagnosis (LATTIMER; ESSMAN, 2014;MUSSEL et al, 2010).…”

“…Thus, it is important to compare these formulae with the objective of evaluating their reproducibility. Beyond that, the accuracy of digital rectal examination in relation to imaging methods has been investigated in a few studies (GADELHA et al, 2009;MUKARATIRWA;CHITURA, 2007).…”