Topografia do cone medular em gatos sem raça definida

Silva, Patrícia Helena Caldeira da; Silva, Rosana Marques; Lima, Eduardo Maurício Mendes de

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352009000500008

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In addition to the constancy in the number of 7 lumbar vertebrae, in felids the apex of the CM extends to the last sacral vertebrae, as in the case of domestic felines [29], H. yagouaroundi [4], L. pardalis [2] and confirmed in the present study with L. geoffroyi. It is possible that a longer spinal cord caudally is advantageous to group peripheral neural tissue close to the pelvic and tail limbs, regions of recognised versatility in felids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Measurements of IL length of carnivores were only found for P. cancrivorus (18 mm) [30], L. gymnocercus (31.4 ± 5.1 mm) [31] and domestic felines (35 to 40 mm) [29]. The average obtained in specimens of L. geoffroyi was 35.6 ± 6.6 mm, relatively similar to what is described for domestic cats, who have similar body mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The average CML in L. geoffroyi (74.4 mm) was only inferior than what is described in C. thous (101.3 mm) [23] and L. pardalis [2] and higher than the A. australis (43 mm) [14], P. brasiliensis (55 mm) [15], H. yagouaroundi (50 mm) [4], in N. nasua (52 to 55 mm) [8], A. microtis (39 mm) [26], E. barbara (43.1 mm) [1], P. cancrivorus (53.5 mm) [30] and L. gymnocercus (68.8 mm) [31]. The CML average was 50.8 mm in 30 domestic felines [29], Although some individuals present conus up to 80 mm in length. However, it would be desirable to establish indexes for comparison purposes proportional to the size [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apex was as cranial as the lumbosacral junction and as caudal as Cd2. The distribution of the CM with its base on the lumbar vertebrae and the apex on the sacrals was described in different carnivores: in felids, between L6 and S2 in a Harpailurus yagouaroundi [4] and in domestic felines [29] and between L4 and S3 in a Leopardus pardalis [2]; in canids, between L6 and S3 in a Cerdocyon thous [23], L7 and S3 and in a A. microtis [26] and authors affirm that the technique may be identical to the one used in domestic felines, positioning the needle in the space between the L7 and S1 vertebrae [9]. The lumbosacral space was also chosen to perform epidural anaesthesia in 6 wild cats, of different species, as adjuvant to general anaesthesia for ovariohysterectomy due to pyometra [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skeletopy of the intumescentia lumbalis and conus medullaris applied to epidural anesthesia in Leopardus geoffroyi

et al. 2019

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Background: Leopardus geoffroyi is a Neotropical wild felid with wide distribution in the south of the South American continent. The objective was to investigate the skeletopy of the intumescentia lumbalis (IL) and conus medullaris (CM) from 11 specimens of L. geoffroyi collected dead on highways. Materials and methods: The cadavers were fixed in formaldehyde solution and dissected to allow the dorsal exposure of IL and CM. The cranial and caudal limits were marked with radiopaque pins and radiographic projections were used to determine the skeletopy. The lengths of IL and CM were measured with a pachymeter. Results: In most specimens, the IL was located at the level of L4 and L5 vertebrae, although in 4 (1 male and 3 females) individuals its cranial limit was L3 and in 3 specimens (2 male and 1 female) the caudal limit was L6. The length of IL was 35.6 ± 6.7 mm. The CM had its base predominantly at the level of the L5 vertebra, although in some specimens the base was in L4 and in others in L6. The apex of the CM can be found since the lumbosacral junction until the level of the Cd2 vertebra. The CM measured 74.4 ± 14.3 mm. Conclusions: Based on the skeletopy, it can be suggested that epidural anaesthesia procedures in L. geoffroyi are safer with the introduction of the catheter through the sacrocaudal interarcual space, as recommended by some anaesthetists for the domestic cat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skeletopy of the intumescentia lumbalis and conus medullaris applied to epidural anesthesia in Leopardus geoffroyi

et al. 2019

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“…Tais como no gato-mourisco (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), em que o cone medular teve início em L6 e término em S2 [3], no gato sem raça definida, em que o cone medular iniciou em L7 e terminou em Cc2, com grande variação entre os animais estudados [20], no cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), em que a base do cone está em L6 e ápice em S3 [14], no cachorro-do-mato-de-orelhas--pequenas (Atelocynus microtis), com base em L7 e ápice em S3 [15], no quati (Nasua nasua), em que a base do cone foi registrada em L5-L6 e ápice em S3 [5], no javali, em que o cone medular possui base em L4 e ápice em S3 [17], na preguiça (Bradypus variegatus) em que a base se encontra em L3 e o ápice em S1 [7], na jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis), felino que apresenta base do cone medular em L4 e ápice em S3 [2], no lobo-marinho (Arctocephalus australis), em que o cone medular estende-se de T5 até T7 [9], em ovinos sem raça definida, com base em torno de L5-L6 e ápice em S2 [16], e na paca (Agouti paca), uma espécie de roedor, que apresentou base em L5 e ápice em S1 [18].…”

Section: Animalunclassified

Medullary Conus Topography in White-Tufted-Ear-Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Salles

Martins

Falcão

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) belongs to the family Cebidae and Subfamily Callitrichinae, a group formed by the smallest anthropoid primates. It is a very common species and adapts easily to captivity, an aspect that encourages the clandestine capture of these animals and makes them susceptible to wounds resulting from clandestine rearing and inadequate management, so that studies to understand the species are extremely important. With the objective of supplying anatomic bases for the practice of epidural anesthetic, data were studied regarding the topography of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Materials, Methods & Results:The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), PA, Brazil. Ten adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were used, 5 males and 5 females, with different causes of death. A round workbench magnifying lamp was used to better visualize the dissecation field. Number 15 scalpel blades, surgical pincers and scissors were used to dissect. After fixing in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution, dissecation was made along the mid dorsal line, from the cranial thoracic region to the tail base to expose the vertebral arches and measure the intervertebral spaces. The vertebral arches were removed, and consequently the spinal dura mater was exposed, that was sectioned longitudinally to expose the spinal chord and identify the lumbar intumescence, the conus medullaris and the cauda equina. The length of the conus medullaris was measured and its skeletopy was established. The body and tail length data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The mean value of the conus medullaris length was 1.4 cm, while the anatomic location of the conus medullaris varied slightly among the animals, but did not pass the limit between L3 for the base and L6 for the apex. On average, the lumbosacral space measured 3.03 mm, that is sufficient to introduce a needle similar to that used in syringes for insulin injection. The results of this study suggest the lumbarsacral space as location for epidural anesthetic application in Callithrix jacchus, at a safe point situated in the center of an isosceles triangle, the base of which is found when a line is drawn from one side of the pelvis to the other, and the apex corresponds the spinal process of the first sacral vertebra. Discussion: The anatomic location of the conus medullaris is different compared to two other primate species, the red handed tamarin (Saguinus midas), in which the cone base was registered at L4 and the apex at S2, and the common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) where the conus medullaris base occurs at L7-8 and the apex at S3 or Cc1. However, some similarities with other mammal groups were observed in the conus medullaris topography, such as the black-striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus). The mean conus medullaris length of the species Callithrix jacchus of 1.4 cm was close to that observ...

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Comparison of the Lumbosacral Plexus Nerves Formation in Pampas Fox (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) and Crab‐Eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Relationship to Plexus Model in Dogs

Lorenzão

Zimpel

Novakoski

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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In this study, the spinal nerves that constitute the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) were dissected in two species of South American wild canids (pampas fox-Pseudalopex gymnocercus, and crab-eating fox-Cerdocyon thous). The nerves origin and distribution in the pelvic limb were examined and compared with the LSP model of the dog described in the literature. The LSP was formed by whole ventral branches of L5 at L7 and S1, and a contribution of a one branch from S2, divided in three trunks. The trunk formed by union from L5-6 and S1 was divided into the cranial (cutaneus femoris lateralis nerve) medial (femoralis nerve) and lateral branches (obturatorius nerve). At the caudal part of the plexus, a thick branch, the ischiadicus plexus, was formed by contributions from L6-7 and S1-2. This root gives rise to the nerve branches which was disseminated to the pelvic limb (nerves gluteus cranial and gluteus caudal, cutaneus femoris caudalis and ischiadicus). The ischiadicus nerve was divided into fibularis communis and tibialis nerves. The tibialis nerve emits the cutaneus surae caudalis. The fibularis communis emits the cutaneus surae lateralis, fibularis superficialis and fibularis profundus. The pudendus nerve arises from S2 with contributions of one branch L7-S1 and one ramus of the cutaneus femoris lateralis. Still, one branch of S2 joins with S3 to form the rectales caudales nerve. These data provides an important anatomical knowledge of a two canid species of South American fauna, besides providing the effective surgical and clinical care of these animals. Anat Rec, 299:361-369,

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Topografia do cone medular em gatos sem raça definida

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Skeletopy of the intumescentia lumbalis and conus medullaris applied to epidural anesthesia in Leopardus geoffroyi

Skeletopy of the intumescentia lumbalis and conus medullaris applied to epidural anesthesia in Leopardus geoffroyi

Medullary Conus Topography in White-Tufted-Ear-Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Comparison of the Lumbosacral Plexus Nerves Formation in Pampas Fox (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) and Crab‐Eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Relationship to Plexus Model in Dogs

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