The use of mice as animal model for testing acute toxicity (LD-50) of toxic shock syndrome toxin

Dias, Ricardo Souza; Carmo, Luiz Simeão do; Heneine, Luíz Guilherme Dias; Rocha, P.H.; Barbosa, C.F.; Rodrigues, R.J.; Linardi, V.R.

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352009000100024

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The animal strains were different, C57BL6 for Martins et al [33, 48], and Swiss in this study. These strains have different sensitivity to LPS, being higher in C57BL6 [49]. In common, a decrease in food intake and RW fatigue were observed in this work, and Martins et al studies [33, 48], with no benefits from the previous exercise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…We used Swiss mice; light exercise partially reversed the cortical increase in IL-6 in LPS-treated animals. The greater sensitivity of the C57BL6 strain to LPS may explain this difference [49], making it impossible to detect differences. Evidence is robust in demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on the brain of aged rodents [28] or models of Alzheimer’s [59] and Parkinson’s disease [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Attenuates Sickness Behavior And Protects Against Dopaminergic Impairment Induced By Neuroinflammation

ACdB

Staats

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neuroinflammation affects dopamine metabolism and produces a set of symptoms known as sickness behavior, including fever, anhedonia, anorexia, weight loss, decreased sociability and mobility, and cognitive impairment. Motor and cognitive impairments related to sickness behavior are associated with dopamine (DA) metabolism imbalance in the prefrontal cortex. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces neuroinflammation and causes sickness behavior in mice, while physical exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and may attenuate sickness behavior and DA impairment. We investigated the effect of exercise on DA levels and sickness behavior induced by LPS in mice. Adult Swiss male mice (8ndash;10 weeks, 47.1plusmn;0.7 g, n=495) performed six weeks of voluntary exercise in free-running wheels (RW group) or had the blocked wheel in their cages (sedentary, SED group). After six weeks of exercise, both groups received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of either saline (SAL) or LPS (0.33 mg/kg, i.p.). All animals were submitted to behavioral tests for sickness behavior assessment (fatigue, locomotion, anhedonia, and social interaction). Neuroinflammation markers and DA metabolism were assessed in the prefrontal cortex. LPS administration provoked anorexia, body weight loss, impaired motor function, social withdrawal, and anhedonia. This sickness behavior was accompanied by reduced cortical DA metabolism and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Neuroinflammation was confirmed through increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta; and IL-6. Inflammation was also confirmed in the blood by an increased content of IL-1beta;. Physical exercise intervention prevented animals from neurochemical, biochemical, and behavioral alterations. These findings provide new evidence of physical exercise's potential as an environmental approach to treating neuroinflammatory conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Attenuates Sickness Behavior And Protects Against Dopaminergic Impairment Induced By Neuroinflammation

ACdB

Staats

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a study by Fengler et al [21], CD-1 mice as an outbred stock were found to be more resistant in diet-induced liver disease than an inbred strain, C57BL5/J mice with hepatic features of ballooning, inflammation, and lipid accumulation for 7 weeks. Meanwhile, another study also demonstrated similar results, whereby Swiss albino mice had low sensitivity toward toxic shock syndrome toxin as compared to BALB/C mice which showed the highest toxicity [22]. Chen et al [23] mentioned that different elimination pathway of APAP could result in a different response of mice strain induced with APAP intoxication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Histopathological changes of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and subsequent liver regeneration in BALB/C and ICR mice

et al. 2019

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Background and Aim: Laboratory mice are widely used as a research model to provide insights into toxicological studies of various xenobiotic. Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that is commonly known as paracetamol, an ideal hepatotoxicant to exhibit centrilobular necrosis in laboratory mice to resemble humans. However, assessment of histopathological changes between mouse strains is important to decide the optimal mouse model used in APAP toxicity study. Therefore, we aim to assess the histomorphological features of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in BALB/C and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five ICR mice and 20 BALB/C mice were used where five animals as control and the rest were randomly divided into four time points at 5, 10, 24 and 48 hours post-dosing (hpd). They were induced with 500 mg/kg APAP intraperitoneally. Liver sections were processed for hematoxylin-eosin staining and histopathological changes were scored based on grading methods. Results: Intense centrilobular damage was observed as early as 5 hpd in BALB/C as compared to ICR mice, which was observed at 10 hpd. The difference of liver injury between ICR and BALB/C mice is due to dissimilarity in the genetic line-up that related to different elimination pathways of APAP toxicity. However, at 24 hpd, the damage was markedly subsided and liver regeneration had taken place for both ICR and BALB/C groups with evidence of mitotic figures. This study showed that normal liver architecture was restored after the clearance of toxic insult. Conclusion: AILI was exhibited earlier in BALB/C than ICR mice but both underwent liver recovery at later time points. Keywords: acetaminophen, BALB/C, histopathology, institute of cancer research, liver injury, liver regeneration.

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Biological responses in Balb/c mice after long‐term parenteral administration of the light subunit of mushroom tyrosinase

Ismaya¹,

Efthyani

Tjandrawinata³

et al. 2017

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Light subunit of mushroom tyrosinase (LSMT) is a protein of unknown function from mushroom Agaricus bisporus that has been demonstrated to permeate through rat intestine ex vivo. Thus, it can be absorbed in the intestine, thereby holding a promise as a drug carrier for oral administration, similar to HA-33 protein from botulinum, one of the closest structural homologs of LSMT. However, the safety of LSMT should be ensured prior to its use. Here, we described biological response of LSMT upon weekly intraperitoneal administration of 50 μg/day to the Balb/c mice for 12 weeks. Motoric and behavior profiles, as well as the index of main organs (liver, spleen, lung, heart, and kidney), and body weight, were not significantly changed as compared with the control group. Also, no IgG was detected in the serum. The results suggest that LSMT is safe for further development.

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The use of mice as animal model for testing acute toxicity (LD-50) of toxic shock syndrome toxin

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Exercise Attenuates Sickness Behavior And Protects Against Dopaminergic Impairment Induced By Neuroinflammation

Exercise Attenuates Sickness Behavior And Protects Against Dopaminergic Impairment Induced By Neuroinflammation

Histopathological changes of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and subsequent liver regeneration in BALB/C and ICR mice

Biological responses in Balb/c mice after long‐term parenteral administration of the light subunit of mushroom tyrosinase

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