Fatores de risco para mastite subclínica em vacas leiteiras

Abstract

Os fatores de risco para mastite subclínica (CCS > 200.000 células/ml) foram estudados em 2.657 vacas, de 24 rebanhos de Minas Gerais. Cada rebanho foi visitado três vezes entre novembro de 2005 e junho de 2006. Amostras de leite (n=3.987) de vacas em lactação foram examinadas para contagem de células somáticas (CCS), e um questionário foi aplicado para obtenção de dados dos animais e do manejo do rebanho. Os valores para a média, mediana e desvio-padrão da CCS foram 608.000, 219.000 e 967.000 células/ml, respectivamente. Os fatores de risco para mastite subclínica foram: animais com a base do úbere junto ou abaixo do jarrete, rachaduras ou fissuras nas partes de borracha do equipamento de ordenha, inadequação das teteiras, deficiência de limpeza dos pulsadores, falta de treinamento dos ordenhadores, não-utilização de diagnóstico microbiológico para mastite, imersão do conjunto de teteiras em solução desinfetante entre a ordenha de animais distintos, e inserção total da cânula de antibiótico nos tetos na secagem da vaca. A alta variação da CCS (608.000± 967.000 células/ml) sugere que outros fatores, como o número de quartos mamários infectados e os patógenos envolvidos, podem ter influenciado os resultados. A metodologia utilizada não permitiu identificar todos os fatores que poderiam aumentar a CCS. Contudo, os resultados são úteis para aprimorar os programas de controle da mastite.

Risk factors associated with buffalo mastitis in the Brazilian Northeast

“…According to Coentrão et al (2008), the somatic cells count (SCC) in the milk is the most used indicator in programs for mastitis control and prevention around the world. Several factors might influence the SCC variation, being mentioned parturition order, lactation period, month and season of the year (Laevens et al 1997, Schepers et al 1997, Cunha et al 2008.…”

“…This characteristic was observed in every property visited in this study. Yet on this subject, Coentrão et al (2008) identified in a study with the bovine species that the second greater risk identified was the inexistence of training programs for milkers to perform the milking. In farms where the milkers did not received any kind of training, as explanations about proper procedures during the milking, utilization and maintenance of the milking equipment, examination of the first squirts of milk in every quarters or to proceed the "California Mastitis Test", animals presented 2.51 times more chances of presenting SCC above 200.000 cells/mL.…”

“…Authors also discussed about the need of getting individual data of SCC or the microbiologic exam in order to identify the risk factors of a herd or an extract inside this herd. Coentrão et al (2008) identified as risk factors for subclinical mastitis in cows: animals with the udder base along or below the hocks, cracks or fissures in the rubber parts of the milking equipment, unsuitability of the teat holders, cleaning deficiency of the pulsators, lack of the milker's training, not using the microbiologic diagnostic for mastitis, immersion of the teat holders set in disinfectant solution between the milking of distinct animals and total insertion of the antibiotic cannula into the teats at the cow drying.…”

“…Souza et al (2005) developed a study on risk factors for bovine mastitis and verified that the methodology of analysis allowed the identification of likely risk factors for high Somatic Cell Count (SCC) of the herd and for specific mastitis pathogens likely risk factors identified were the lack of adoption of the milking line, feeding animals during the milking procedure and the lack of teat antisepsis after milking. Coentrão et al (2008) found as risk factors for subclinical mastitis, animals with the base of the udder along or below the hocks, cracks or fissures in the rubber parts of the milking machine, unsuitability of the teat holders, cleaning deficiency of the pulsators, lack of the milkers' training, not using the microbiologic diagnostic for mastitis, immersion of the teat holders set in disinfectant solution between the milking of distinct animals and total insertion of the antibiotic cannula into the teats at the cow drying.…”

Etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus spp. and risk factors associated with bovine mastitis in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco

“…In Brazil there are few studies on the risk factors associated with mastitis (Souza et al 2005, Oliveira et al 2012, which are important for knowledge of effective measures in a prevention and control program for the disease (Coentrão et al 2008). In addition to the adoption of hygiene--health management practices, antibiotic therapy may be an effective strategy in reduction of mastitis rates in a herd (Barlow 2011).…”