Frequency of equine viral arteritis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Bello, Ana Cristina Passos de Paiva; Cunha, Arildo Pinto da; Braz, Gissandra Farias; Lara, Mayorga; Reis, Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos; Haddad, J.P.H.; Rocha, Leonardo; Leite, Rômulo Cerqueira

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352007000400039

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The study supports species-specific resistance and the presence of subclinical infections [54]. Seropositivity has been documented in asymptomatic donkeys in South Africa [55], Morocco [55], Zimbabwe [55], Brazil [56], and Turkey [50].…”

Section: Respiratory Tractsupporting

confidence: 70%

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Mendoza

Toribio

Pérez-Écija

2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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a b s t r a c tCardiovascular diseases are scarcely reported in donkeys, probably linked to their limited athletic attitude and low frequency of poor performance-related examinations. Reports on treatments for cardiovascular pathologies are anecdotal in donkeys. Respiratory tract anatomy shows important differences between horses and donkeys. Donkeys and mules can act as reservoirs spreading many viral, bacterial, and parasitic infectious respiratory diseases. Mosquito and tick-borne encephalitis have been reported in these species in the later years, and even donkeys are being used as sentinels in some areas to detect these emerging diseases. Management and treatment of lithiases can be transferable from horses; however, the same assumption must still be demonstrated for acute and chronic renal diseases. Ocular pathologies are similar to horses, with corneal ulcers frequently observed. Lameness is a common problem in donkeys, with laminitis as the most reported cause followed by pedal abscess.

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Section: Respiratory Tractsupporting

confidence: 70%

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Mendoza

Toribio

Pérez-Écija

2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…Após análise univariada baseada em questionários epidemiológicos, aplicados durante as colheitas (Tabela 2) e análise de regressão logística multivariada para os fatores de risco associados a presença de anticorpos anti-HVE foram identificados como fatores predisponentes a infecção: equinos criados na mesorregião do Leste Potiguar (OR = 1,36, IC 95%: 1,01-1,85, P = 0,041), sistema de criação extensivo (OR = 1,79, IC 95%: 1,10-2,91, P = 0,041), animais destinado ao trabalho (OR = 3,63, IC 95%: 1,91-6,91, P = 0,000), não higienização (OR = 2,32, IC 95%: 1,27-4,33, P = 0,006) e não desinfecção das instalações (OR = 1,83, IC 95%: 1,15-2,91, P = 0,009). Porém, em trabalhos científicos anteriormente publicados foi relatado a presença do VAVE através de exames sorológicos, nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, nos estados do Rio de Janeiro, com 0,79% (5/630) de animais positivos [9], Minas Gerais, com 0,85% (7/826) [3], São Paulo, com 0,3% (4/1.341) [21], 1,9% (11/554) [5], 5,7% (80/1400) [4], 18,1% (47/259) [13] e 18,2% (120/659) [22], Paraná com 2,9% (2/70) [20] e 0,3% (2/653) [31], além do Rio Grande do Sul com 2,2% (33/1.506) [10], evidenciando a presença do vírus em equídeos do Brasil principalmente nessas regiões, havendo a necessidade de estudos nos demais estados para se ter a real situação da presença do VAVE em todo território nacional.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…O vírus já foi isolado no Brasil, em casos de doença neurológica [6], abortamentos e mortalidade perinatal [34]. Em relação ao VAVE, o único estudo no Nordeste foi em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, sem evidências de equinos soropositivos [14], sendo que no Brasil a ocorrência varia entre 0 e 53% [1,3,4,[8][9][10][12][13][14][15][20][21][22][23]31].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Os fatores de risco para essas infecções virais apontam que; aglomeração em provas esportivas, leilões, exposições e trânsito intenso de animais [10,37], criação consorciada com outras espécies [24,25], idade [20,29], ausência de vacinação [19,29,34,37] e não realização de quarentena [25] aumentam a susceptibilidade ao HVE e aglomeração e trânsito intenso de animais [4,10,31], raça [4,13], sexo [22], idade [3,4,22] e importação de animais de países com a infecção [9] para o VAVE.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Occurrence of Antibodies against Herpesvirus and Arteritis Virus in Equines from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Rocha

Diniz

Jesus

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) have a high capacity for dissemination, causing losses in horse breeding due to reproductive, respiratory and neurological problems. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte there is only one survey, in the municipality of Mossoró, about these diseases. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and assess the risk factors associated with EHV-1 and EAV infections in unvaccinated horses raised in the mesoregions of East and West Potiguar in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Between August 2018 and February 2019, blood samples were collected from equines on farms located in sixteen municipalities in the mesoregions of East and West Potiguar for the serological diagnosis of EAV (809 samples from 90 farms) and of EHV (778 samples from 88 farms), being that, only municipalities that had at least five hundred equines were included in the study. An investigative epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each property visited, containing questions related to the breeder, property, animal and the sanitary, reproductive and nutritional management. A logistic regression was performed to assess the risk factors associated with EVH, considering the serological test (positive or negative) as the dependent variable. EAV and EVH antibodies were detected through the serum virus neutralization assay. No evidence was found of EAV [0% (0/809)], but EHV showed a prevalence rate of 32% (249/778), with 80.6% (71/88) of the farms having at least one animal that tested positive, and EHV was present in all the municipalities covered in this study. The risk factors identified were: animals raised in East Potiguar (OR = 1.36, CI 95%: 1.01-1.85, P = 0.041), extensive livestock farming system (OR = 1.79, CI 95%: 1.10-2.91, P = 0.041), working animals (OR = 3.63, IC 95%: 1.91-6.91, P = 0.000), unclean facilities (OR = 2.32, CI 95%: 1.27-4.33, P = 0.006), and non-disinfected facilities (OR = 1.83, CI 95%: 1.15-2.91, P = 0.009).Discussion: The absence of horses seropositive for EAV confirms the findings reported for 132 cattle herding horses in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and by other national surveys that report zero or low occurrence rates. EAV is therefore considered an exotic disease that has not yet been diagnosed nor its etiological agent isolated in this country. EHV was found to be distributed in the two mesoregions, indicating a higher occurrence among working horses raised in the extensive livestock farming system on these farms, which were more physically fatigued and liable to be immunosuppressed, making them prone to infection, especially when left to graze in contact with other animals, although sports horses have also been found to be at high risk of becoming infected. The risk factor analysis also indicated the importance of hygiene and disinfection of livestock premises, where other biosafety measures such as quarantine and vaccination are likely not taken, and animals circulate unrestrictedly, facilitating the dissemination of the virus. Studies are therefore needed to shed light on the real situation of the presence of EAV throughout Brazil’s territory. On the other hand, EHV is widely disseminated throughout the state, and the risk factors for this disease not only underscore the importance of proper sanitary management for control of the disease but also serve as a warning to authorities and animal health professionals.

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“…Meanwhile, reports of a respiratory disease similar to equine viral arteritis (EVA), which presented abortion and was transmitted venereally occurred still at the end of the XIX century (Pottie, 1888), suggesting that EAV has been present as an infectious agent inside the equine population for a long time (Glaser et al, 1996). Although EAV has still not been isolated in Brazil, there is serological evidence of its presence in different regions of the country (Bello et al, 2007;Diaz et al, 2015;Sartori et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of equine arteritis virus by an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus sp. P34

Silva

Castro

Silva

et al. 2017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Inhibition of equine arteritis virus by an antimicrobial ABSTRACTP34 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus sp. P34, isolated from the intestinal contents of a fish from the Amazon basin. This peptide showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and was characterized as a bacteriocin like substance. It was demonstrated that the peptide P34 exhibited antiviral activity against feline herpesvirus type 1 in vitro. The aim of this work was to evaluate P34 for its antiviral properties in vitro, using RK 13 cells, against the equine arteritis virus, since it has no specific treatment and a variable proportion of stallions may become persistently infected. The results obtained show that P34 exerts antiviral and virucidal activities against equine arteritis virus, probably in the viral envelope. The antiviral assays performed showed that P34 reduces significantly the viral titers of treated cell cultures. The mechanism of action of P34 seems to be time/temperature-dependent. This peptide tends to be a promising antiviral compound for the prevention and treatment of arteriviral infections since it has a high therapeutic index. However, more detailed studies must be performed to address the exact step of viral infection where P34 acts, in order to use this peptide as an antiviral drug in vivo in the future. Keywords

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Frequency of equine viral arteritis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Occurrence of Antibodies against Herpesvirus and Arteritis Virus in Equines from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Inhibition of equine arteritis virus by an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus sp. P34

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