Hepatic cirrhosis in a red-foot tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria): a case report

Guedes, Roberto Maurício Carvalho; Lavalle, Gleidice Eunice

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352004000100020

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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confidence: 99%

“…13 Additional lesions that are reported to be associated with hepatic lipidosis include inflammation and fibrosis; however, progression to cirrhosis is uncommon in reptiles. 3,10,15,33 Hepatic fibrosis has been reported in reptilian species secondary to chronic injury, infection, and neoplasia, but its correlation with hepatic lipidosis has not been investigated. 9,12,16,18 While histopathology of the liver remains the gold standard for diagnosis of this disease, 33 no consensus has been reached regarding the amount of hepatic fat constituting a diagnosis of lipidosis.…”

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Morphological features of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), and a proposed grading system

et al. 2022

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Hepatic lipidosis is commonly diagnosed in pet bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps). However, there are no studies detailing the histological features of hepatic lipid changes in this species. This study describes the microscopic features of lipid change and details an associated scoring system. Histologic hepatic sections were retrospectively evaluated from 252 bearded dragons submitted for necropsy. Pathologic assessment was used to develop a grading scheme with 2 qualitative, 1 quantitative, and 6 semi-quantitative microscopic parameters, which were refined based on variability. The final grading system developed for diffuse and panlobular lipid accumulation included 2 semi-quantitative and 1 quantitative categories: percentage of hepatocellular vacuolation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular swelling, respectively. Hepatocellular swelling was indirectly quantified by counting the number of nuclei per unit area. There was a strong positive correlation ( P < .001) between the percentage of hepatocellular vacuolation and lipid content, a strong negative correlation ( P < .001) between nuclear count and lipid content, and a moderate correlation ( P < .001) between fibrosis and lipid content. Each category was given a numerical value ranging from 0 to 4, with the sum of each representing the final grade. Cutoff values stratified microscopic changes into mild (final grade 1–4), moderate (5–7), and severe (≥8). There was strong interrater agreement for assessment of vacuolization, fibrosis, and severity classification and moderate for hepatocellular swelling. This study documents the features of hepatic lipid changes in bearded dragons. Although a cutoff to differentiate pathologic from nonpathologic lipid accumulation could not be estimated, the proposed grading scheme can be used to inform future studies.

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