Energy expenditure due to forage intake and walking of grazing cattle

Marco, O. N. di; Aello,

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352001000100017

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This indicates that circadian differences in NEFA concentration were not only a result of changes in fat mobilization due to variation in feed supply but also due to the use of NEFA as an energy source for muscle activity (Adewuyi et al., ). Concomitantly with the changes in NEFA concentration, glucose concentration decreased during the morning, confirming the increasing energy requirements of grazing animals (Di Marco and Aello, ). Relationships between the concentration of T 3 and feed intake, as well as physical activity, were already described previously (Wirth et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Grazing behaviour, physical activity and metabolic profile of two Holstein strains in an organic grazing system

Thanner

Schori

Bruckmaier

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The challenge for sustainable organic dairy farming is identification of cows that are well adapted to forage-based production systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the grazing behaviour, physical activity and metabolic profile of two different Holstein strains kept in an organic grazing system without concentrate supplementation. Twelve Swiss (HCH ; 566 kg body weight (BW) and 12 New Zealand Holstein-Friesian (HNZ ; 530 kg BW) cows in mid-lactation were kept in a rotational grazing system. After an adaptation period, the milk yield, nutrient intake, physical activity and grazing behaviour were recorded for each cow for 7 days. On three consecutive days, blood was sampled at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 h from each cow by jugular vein puncture. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. No differences were found in milk yield, but milk fat (3.69 vs. 4.05%, P = 0.05) and milk protein percentage (2.92 vs. 3.20%, P < 0.01) were lower in HCH than in HNZ cows. Herbage intake did not differ between strains, but organic matter digestibility was greater (P = 0.01) in HCH compared to HNZ cows. The HCH cows spent less (P = 0.04) time ruminating (439 vs. 469 min/day) and had a lower (P = 0.02) number of ruminating boli when compared to the HNZ cows. The time spent eating and physical activity did not differ between strains. Concentrations of IGF-1 and T3 were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in HCH than HNZ cows. In conclusion, HCH cows were not able to increase dry matter intake in order to express their full genetic potential for milk production when kept in an organic grazing system without concentrate supplementation. On the other hand, HNZ cows seem to compensate for the reduced nutrient availability better than HCH cows but could not use that advantage for increased production efficiency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Grazing behaviour, physical activity and metabolic profile of two Holstein strains in an organic grazing system

Thanner

Schori

Bruckmaier

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…The cost of maintenance of grazing animals may be from 8.0 to 30% higher than that of animals in feedlot, and this variation is dependent on the characteristics of the pasture (DiMarco & Aello, 2001). Therefore, forage availability at quality and quantity to the animal is what is going to dictate higher or lower energy use for maintenance in relation to their use for production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional requirements of energy, protein and macrominerals for maintenance and weight gain of young crossbred Nellore × Holstein bulls on pasture

et al. 2012

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-The objective of this study was to estimate requirements of energy, protein and macrominerals of young Nellore/Holstein crossbreds bulls supplemented on pastures of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Thirty-five young bulls, at 8.53±0.18 months of age and with initial body weight of 230.6±6.1 kg were used. Ten animals were slaughtered as reference, in different weight range, and the other animals were slaughtered at the end of the experimental period. For estimate of net energy requirements for weight, a regression equation between log of retained energy (RE) and log of empty body weight gain (EBWG) was constructed. Net requirements of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were determined by the equation Y' = a.b.X b-1 , in which a and b represent the intercept and the coefficient of equation of prediction of macrominerals in body content, respectively.Requirements of metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) were obtained from retained energy in function of metabolizable energy intake (MEI). The requirements of MEm of Nellore/Holstein crossbreds young bulls on pasture was 125 kcal/EBW 0.75 /day. The efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance (k m ) of grazing Nellore/Holstein crossbred young bulls was 0.58 and 0.24 for gain. The total metabolizable protein requirements for an animal with 400 kg and with average daily gain of 1.0 kg, were 638.36 g/day. The dietetic requirements of Ca and P for an animal with 400 kg BW were 0.49 and 0.21% of DM, respectively. Daily metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance of grazing Nellore/Holstein crossbred young bulls was 11.6% greater than the values found for cattle in feedlot in Brazil (112 kcal/kg EBW 0.75 ).

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“…Higher grazing activity increases energy requirement for maintenance and could reduce efficiency of production of dairy cows in grazing systems [15]. On a low height ryegrass sward, [16] registered 59 bites per minute, which approaches the upper biting rate limit reported for grazing cattle [17]. In these conditions, the increment in energy expenditure, regarding the same animals at rest, was 52%, during the grazing period [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake, Energy Expenditure and Methane Emissions of Grazing Dairy Cows at Two Pre-Grazing Herbage Masses

Loza¹,

Gere²,

Orcasberro³

et al. 2021

OJAS

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A grazing experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of two levels of herbage mass (HM) on herbage DM intake (DMI), fat and protein corrected milk yield (FPCM), grazing behaviour, energy expenditure (HP), and methane emissions (CH 4 ) of grazing dairy cows in spring. Treatments were a low HM (1447 kg DM/ha; LHM) or a high HM (1859 kg DM/ha; HHM). Pasture was composed mainly of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) and lucerne (Medicago sativa), offered at a daily herbage allowance of 30 kg DM/cow, above 5 cm. Eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 2 × 2 Latin Square design in two 10-day periods. Despite the differences in pre-grazing HM between treatments, OM digestibility was not different (P = 0.28). Herbage mass did not affect DMI or FPCM. Grazing time was not different between treatments, but cows had a greater bite rate when grazing on LHM swards. However, HP did not differ between treatments. Daily methane emission (per cow), methane emission intensity (per kg FPCM) and methane yield (as percentage of gross energy intake) were not different. The lack of effect of the amount of pre-grazing HM on energy intake, confirms that the difference between HM treatments was beyond the limits that impose extra energy expenditure during grazing.

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Energy expenditure due to forage intake and walking of grazing cattle

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Grazing behaviour, physical activity and metabolic profile of two Holstein strains in an organic grazing system

Grazing behaviour, physical activity and metabolic profile of two Holstein strains in an organic grazing system

Nutritional requirements of energy, protein and macrominerals for maintenance and weight gain of young crossbred Nellore × Holstein bulls on pasture

Intake, Energy Expenditure and Methane Emissions of Grazing Dairy Cows at Two Pre-Grazing Herbage Masses

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