Características biológicas da fase não parasitária do Ixodes amarali (Acari: Ixodidae) em gambá (Didelphis sp.) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Faccini, João Luíz Horácio; Prata, Márcia Cristina de Azevedo; Daemon, Erik; Barros‐Battesti, Darci Moraes

doi:10.1590/s0102-09351999000300012

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Anaplasma phagocytophilum is retained in the natural cycle between rodents and ticks of the genus Ixodes [ 43 , 44 ]. In the studied area, the species Ixodes amarali has been detected parasitizing opossums of the genus Didelphis [ 45 ]; there are no reports of dog parasitism by the Ixodes species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, despite the fact that several surveys have been conducted during the last decade. It was found that A. phagocytophilum infection in dogs was associated with the tick infestation history reported by the owners; an identical finding was observed in Taipei, Taiwan [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of the emerging zoonosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) in dogs and ixodid ticks in Brazil

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAnaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen of humans, dogs and other animals, and it is transmitted by ixodid ticks. The objective of the current study was a) detect A. phagocytophilum in dogs and ixodid ticks using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR); and b) Determine important variables associated to host, environment and potential tick vectors that are related to the presence of A. phagocytophilum in dogs domiciled in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsWe tested blood samples from 398 dogs and samples from 235 ticks, including 194 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, 15 Amblyomma cajennense, 8 Amblyomma ovale and 18 pools of Amblyomma sp. nymphs. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied by interviewing each dog owner. Deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from ticks and dog buffy coat samples were amplified by qPCR (msp2 gene). The sequencing of 16S rRNA and groESL heat shock operon genes and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The multiple logistic regression model was created as a function of testing positive dogs for A. phagocytophilum.ResultsAmong the 398 blood samples from dogs, 6.03% were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in one A. cajennense female tick and in five R. sanguineus sensu lato ticks (four males and one female). The partial sequences of the 16S rRNA, and groESL genes obtained were highly similar to strains of A. phagocytophilum isolated from wild birds from Brazil and human pathogenic strains. The tick species collected in positive dogs were R. sanguineus sensu lato and A. cajennense, with A.cajennense being predominant. Tick infestation history (OR = 2.86, CI = 1.98-14.87), dog size (OR = 2.41, IC: 1.51-12.67), the access to forest areas (OR = 3:51, CI: 1.52-16.32), hygiene conditions of the environment in which the dogs lived (OR = 4.35, CI: 1.86-18.63) and Amblyomma sp. infestation (OR = 6.12; CI: 2.11-28.15) were associated with A. phagocytophilum infection in dogs.ConclusionsThis is the first report of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks from Brazil. The detection of A. phagocitophylum in A. cajennense, an aggressive feeder on a wide variety of hosts, including humans, is considered a public health concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of the emerging zoonosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) in dogs and ixodid ticks in Brazil

et al. 2013

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“…Among the eight Ixodes species occurring in Brazil, life cycle studies have been reported only for I. loricatus (Schumaker et al 2000) and partially for I. schulzei (Labruna et al 2003) and I. amarali (Faccini et al 1999). Here, we evaluated the life cycle of I. luciae in the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle of Ixodes luciae (Acari: Ixodidae) in the laboratory

2009

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The life cycle of Ixodes luciae was evaluated for five consecutive generations in the laboratory. Wild mice Calomys callosus and laboratory rats Rattus norvegicus were used as hosts for larvae and nymphs. For adult ticks, opossums Didelphis aurita were used as hosts. Off-host developmental periods were observed in an incubator at 27 degrees C and 95% RH. The life cycle of I. luciae lasted 95-97 days, excluding prefeeding periods. C. callosus, one of the natural host species for I. luciae immature stages, was shown to be much more suitable than the artificial host R. norvegicus. Significantly (P < 0.05), more larvae and nymphs successfully fed on C. callosus than on R. norvegicus. When tick-naïve C. callosus were exposed to three consecutive larval infestations at 24-day intervals, recovery of engorged larvae were greater in the second and third infestations, indicating that previous infestations did not induce acquired resistance to ticks. Larval feeding period typically varied from 5 to 10 days on R. norvegicus, but was significantly (P < 0.05), longer on C. callosus (range, 7-34 days). The majority (71.7%) of I. luciae adult females successfully fed and oviposited after exposed to D. aurita. Mean engorged weight (581.9 mg; range, 237.1-796.0 mg) of these females were much higher than those previously reported for other New World Ixodes species. Our results are in accordance to the current literature that appoints opossums Didelphidae and small rodents (e.g., C. callosus) natural hosts for I. luciae immature and adult stages, respectively.

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“…3 The current study was conducted between the months of November and May, when there is increased activity of the adult stage of Amblyomma cajennense. 15 Although Ixodes amarali have been detected parasitizing skunks of the genus Didelphis in Seropédica, 10 there are no parasitism reports in dogs by Ixodes species to date. These data suggest the possibility that A. cajennense may be involved in the transmission of A. phagocytophilum in the region studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction

et al. 2011

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in dogs from Brazil in the municipalities of Seropédica and Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro state, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SYBR Green to detect the amplification. Of 253 samples, 18 (7.11%) were positive, with a threshold cycle (Ct) ranging from 31 to 35 cycles. The PCR product from a positive sample was cloned and sequenced. The sequence obtained demonstrated 100% identity with other A. phagocytophilum sequences published in the GenBank database. The analytical sensitivity of RT-PCR using SYBR Green system was able to detect 3 plasmid copies when defined numbers of plasmid copies containing 122 base pairs from the msp2 gene were used. The assay was considered specific when DNA from bacteria (Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia canis, Neorickettsia risticii, Rickettsia rickettsii) closely related to A. phagocytophilum was placed in the reaction. These results demonstrate that the canine granulocytic anaplasmosis agent is present in regions in which dogs could be a source of infection for tick vectors. The current study reports the detection of A. phagocytophilum, a zoonotic agent responsible for Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Brazilian dogs.

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Características biológicas da fase não parasitária do Ixodes amarali (Acari: Ixodidae) em gambá (Didelphis sp.) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Molecular epidemiology of the emerging zoonosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) in dogs and ixodid ticks in Brazil

Molecular epidemiology of the emerging zoonosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) in dogs and ixodid ticks in Brazil

Life cycle of Ixodes luciae (Acari: Ixodidae) in the laboratory

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction

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