Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

Abstract

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

Analysis of genetic stability at SSR loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster)

“…Etienne and Bertrand (2003) described the effects of age of embryogenic cell suspensions on frequency and phenotype of variants of Coffea arabica, where somaclonal variation increased 25% in plants produced from 12-month-old cell suspensions. Other authors have noted increasing mutation in relation to prolonged culture in the presence of synthetic growth regulators, such as 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Lee and Phillips 1988;DeVerno 1995;Bordallo et al 2004;Lakshmanan et al 2007). In pine species, it is widely accepted that the maturation ability tends to decrease with ECL age.…”

A review of somaclonal variation in plantain (<i>Musa</i> spp): mechanisms and applications

“…As a vegetatively propagated, heterozygous and tetraploid crop, traditional breeding of potato is very difficult (Solmon-Blackburn and Baker, 2001). The same applies using botanical seeds on commercial cultivation, which is fraught by low germinability and large variability in the segment generations (Bordallo et al 2004). Somaclonal variation has been reported in potato plants regenerated from protoplasts of the widely grown variety 'Russet Burbank' (Bannaceur et al 1991).…”

Efficient long-term conservation of Taraxacum pieninicum synthetic seeds in slow growth conditions

“…However, the most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source and period of in vitro culture (Bordallo et al 2004). Taraxacum pieninicum Pawł.…”