Predação e canibalismo entre protozoários ciliados (Ciliophora: Entodiniomorphida: Ophryoscolecidae) no rúmen de ovinos (Ovis aries)

Martinele, Isabel; D’Agosto, Marta

doi:10.1590/s0101-81752008000300010

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Analyses of different 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes showed extremely complex but related ciliate communities, which occur in the rumen of cattle, sheep, goats, and red deer (Moon-van der Staay et al, 2014). Although individual host genetic characteristics might influence the composition of the rumen prokaryotes (Shi et al, 2008;Xue et al, 2020), it seems that ciliates' feed preferences and relationship within ciliates contribute remarkably to their composition in the rumen (Eadie, 1967;Dehority, 1998;Martinele and D'Agosto, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

et al. 2021

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This study aims to perform population analysis of the rumen ciliated protozoa of the free-living European bison (wisent, Bison bonasus, Linnaeus). The samples of the rumen fluid from the 18 bison subjected to the controlled culls within the free-ranging population in the Bialowieza primeval forest in Poland were collected and examined. The examined ciliates population consisted of the species of the families Isotrichidae and Ophryoscolecidae. There were 12 genera (Isotricha, Dasytricha, Diplodinium, Elytroplastron, Entodinium, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Ophryoscolex, and Ostracodinium) and 32 morphospecies of the ciliates. We observed the prevalence of a type B protozoan population (56% animals) with the typical Epidinium and Eudiplodinium genera members. Other examined animals possessed the mixed A–B population with Ophryoscolex genus, distinct for type A ciliate population. The average total ciliates count was 2.77 ± 1.03 × 105/ml (mean ± SD). The most abundant genera were Entodinium, 83%, and Dasytricha, 14%. The abundance of other genera was <1% of the total count. Within the 16 Entodinium species determined, the most abundant species was Entodinium nanellum (16.3% of total ciliates count). The average Shannon–Wiener diversity index was 2.1 ± 0.39, evenness was 0.7 ± 0.11, and species richness was 24 ± 3.0 (mean ± SD). Our study is the first report on the population composition and diversity of rumen ciliates of European bison. The composition and counts of ciliate genera and species were similar to the composition and counts of the rumen ciliated protozoa of American bison and many other kinds of free-living and domestic ruminants. Our European bison ciliate population analysis has shown medium ciliate density and high diversity typical for large free-living ruminants with mixed feeding behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

et al. 2021

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“…Observed a large concentration of this protozoa (80 %) in adult animals (Holstein × Wagyu). also recorded for (Martinele & D'Agosto, 2008), in crossbred Dutchzebu cows receiving different concentrations of elephant grass. The presence of different protozoa genera in the rumen environment is directly related to the type of diet (Dehority, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria

Fares

Rahmoun

Lieshchova

2019

TAVM

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The two main pregastric compartiments of ruminants: rumen and reticulum work as anaerobic fermenter which allows them to use energetic and nitrogen substrates which are indigestible by monograstric animals. They have a major importance in this fermenter, also these microbes : bacteria, protozoa and fungi, on the degradation of cell-wall carbohydrates: cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, on nitrogen digestion and finally on the utilisation of the major minerals and trace elements. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify the protozoa populations in the rumen of Algerian bovines local breed, adult animals living in a relatively humid climate, basic ration based on straw and pastures during hot days. Whereas in cold weather rations are based on straw, cereals and grass forage. Usually not 2 to 5 × 10 6 ml of rumen containing organisms however, under certain feeding conditions, they represent at least 50 % of the rumen microbial biomass. Due to the difficulties in cultivate in vitro, their role and their metabolism are less known than those of bacteria. Ciliated protozoa are capable of transforming a large number of food and bacterial constituents in metabolites and cellular compounds which will then be used by the host animal. The importance of these activities is however still very controversial since in the absence of protozoa in the rumen, Isolation carried out on rumen fluid sampled of 20 cows. Rumen fluid was diluted in formaldehyde 10 % solution, and distributed in Sedgewick Rafter chamber. Then observed in optical microscope using Lugol's iodine coloration. Classified in three genders according to size. 11 different genders were identified; a considerable population of rumen protozoa was identified and classified for first time on Algerian local breed (Atlas).

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“…Surviving cells can feed on the nutrients released by dead sibling cells or on attacking the cells per se , in a behavior termed “cannibalism” [24]. Microbial cannibalism was reported in cilliated protozoa [25], dinoflagellates [26] and T. vaginalis [27], characterized by the attack of living cells of the same strain. In the PDT groups, such mechanism of phagocytosis of nutrients from the external environment may comprise an energy source for parasite survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the PDT groups of resistant strain, events of extensive cannibalism were frequently observed, characterized by numerous interdigitations among adjacent trophozoites associated to areas of necrosis. Such behavior may comprise an intraspecific competition mechanism triggered by starvation stress [25]. In addition, this mechanism could control the parasite load, possibly leading to asymptomatic infections [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy effect on the ultrastructure of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites and their effectiveness in experimentally infected animals

Fonseca

Gomes²,

Alacoque

et al. 2018

Preprint

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2 Background 3 Trichomonas vaginalis is an amitochondrial parasitic that causes human trichomoniasis, 4 the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. The therapy of 5 choice is metronidazole (MTZ). Despite MTZ effectiveness, resistant cases are 6 becoming more frequent. Another point to emphasize are the side effects that may result 7 in treatment discontinuation, leading to further spread of infection and emergence of 8 resistant strains. This scenario reveals the need to develop new therapeutic options. 9 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an experimental treatment that involves the activation 10 of photosensitive substances and the generation of cytotoxic oxygen species and free 11 radicals to promote the selective destruction of target tissues. A previous study, from 12 our group, identified an excellent in vitro PDT activity using methylene blue and light 13 emitting diode against MTZ sensitive and resistant strains of T. vaginalis. The aim of 14 this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PDT in vivo and clarify its high 15 trichomonicidal potential by evaluating its action upon T. vaginalis trophozoites through 16 transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 17 18 Methodology 19 Seven-week-old female Balb/c mice were infected intravaginally with T. vaginalis 20 trophozoites. On the third day of infection, methylene blue was introduced into the 21 vaginal canal of the animals, which then received 68.1 J / cm 2 of radiation for 35.6 sec. 22 Control groups without infection and infected, treated with metronidazole were also 23 included for comparison. Twenty-four hours after treatment the vaginal canal of the 24 animals was scraped and the samples processed by the immunocytochemistry technique.3 3 25 After in vitro photodynamic treatment, T. vaginalis trophozoites were processed for 26 TEM. Ultrathin sections were collected in 400-mesh copper grids, contrasted with 5% 27 uranyl acetate and 3% lead citrate, in aqueous solutions for 20 and 5 min., respectively 28 and observed in a Jeol JEM 230 transmission electron microscope. 29 30 Results 31 TEM showed morphological changes such as centripetal displacement of organelles, 32 cannibalism, hydrogenosomal damage, intense cytoplasmic vacuolization, dilated 33 endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and membrane discontinuity, in both resistant and 34 sensitive strains, suggesting that trichomonicidal activity is mainly due to necrosis. 35 PDT significantly reduced infection in animals treated with a single therapy session, 36 compared to control groups, being statistically as efficient as MTZ. 37 38 Conclusions 39 Our results demonstrated high trichomonicidal activity of PDT with morphological 40 alterations compatible with necrosis. Therefore these results indicate that PDT 41 represents not only an alternative therapy for refractory trichomoniasis, but also 42 routinely for this important neglected parasitic disease.43 44

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Predação e canibalismo entre protozoários ciliados (Ciliophora: Entodiniomorphida: Ophryoscolecidae) no rúmen de ovinos (Ovis aries)

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria

Photodynamic therapy effect on the ultrastructure of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites and their effectiveness in experimentally infected animals

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