Distribuição altitudinal e simpatria das aves do gênero Drymophila Swainson (Passeriformes, Thamnophilidae) na Mata Atlântica

Abstract

Foram descritas e analisadas as distribuições altitudinais das seis espécies de Drymophila Swainson, 1824, endêmicas da Mata Atlântica e identificados e discutidos os casos de simpatria. Para isso, foram usados dois conjuntos de dados, um em escala local (a Serra dos Órgãos, um segmento da Serra do Mar no Estado do Rio de Janeiro) e outro em escala regional (Mata Atlântica). Os registros e as altitudes na Serra dos Órgãos foram obtidos diretamente no campo enquanto que os dados da Mata Atlântica foram obtidos principalmente a partir de exemplares depositados em museus de história natural. Os dois conjuntos de dados mostraram um padrão similar de distribuição altitudinal das espécies: D. squamata (Lichtenstein, 1823) e D. ferruginea (Temminck, 1822) nas menores altitudes, D. malura (Temminck, 1825), D. ochropyga (Hellmayr, 1906) e D. rubricollis (Bertoni, 1901) com limites altitudinais semelhantes entre si e intermediários em relação às demais espécies e D. genei (Filippi, 1847), restrita às maiores altitudes. A maior parte das localidades na Mata Atlântica e pontos de observação na Serra dos Órgãos apresenta apenas uma ou duas espécies. Isso sugere que, embora possam ocorrer nas mesmas áreas ou localidades, as espécies tendem a se excluir. Drymophila squamata e D. malura foram as espécies que menos vezes ocorreram em simpatria proporcionalmente, nas duas escalas de análise. A simpatria entre as espécies irmãs D. ochropyga-D. genei e D. ferruginea-D. rubricollis ocorreu em localidades nas Serras do Mar e da Mantiqueira, sempre em faixas altitudinais estreitas, nunca superiores a 300 m de intervalo.

Influence of vegetation physiognomy, elevation and fire frequency on medium and large mammals in two protected areas of the Espinhaço Range

“…The decline in richness due to increasing elevation is widely accepted as a general standard (Rahbek 1995(Rahbek , 2005. Rahbek (1995) highlighted two main models of species distribution along elevational gradients: (1) the monotonic model, in which there is a linear decrease in the number of species with increasing altitude, observed in plants (Stevens 1992), bats (Patterson et al 1996) and birds (Terborgh 1971, 1977, Rahbek 1997 and (2) the dome-shaped model, with higher species richness in the intermediate ranges of the elevation gradient, observed in non-flying mammals (Geise et al 2004), insects (Mccoy 1990, Fleishman et al 1998) and birds (Rajão and Cerqueira 2006).…”

Composition of mixed-species bird flocks in forest fragments of southern Brazil

“…(STOUFFER & BIERREGAARD 1995, VAN HOUTAN et al 2006). This may have been responsible for the fact that species restricted to certain habitats, as for example Anabazenops fuscus, Drymophila malura e D. ochropyga, foragers in patches of bamboos (RODRIGUES et al 1994, RAJÃO & CERQUEIRA 2006, and Myrmotherula gularis, dependent on humid microclimates (SICK 1997), were only found in areas that clustered with Group 2. Species that tolerate or benefit from borderline environments, as for example Turdus rufiventris, Troglodytes musculus and Melanerpes flavifrons we incorporated in mixed bands that clustered with Group 1.…”

Determinants of geographical distribution in Atlantic Forest species of Drymophila (Aves: Thamnophilidae)

“…In turn, many localities present very similar climatic values, making the discrimination of the cases difficult. At the local scale Drymophila seems to exclude each other at regions of sympatry or co-ocurrence occupying sites with different characteristics of elevation, slope, aspect or fine vegetation type, as pointed by Rajão & Cerqueira (2006). We suggest that future research addressing predictive geographical distribution modeling and coexistence of these antbirds species could be optimized by using a two part strategy: 1) by using novel machine-learning modeling algorithms; and (2) by improving the predictor variables database, both in thematic (e.g.…”

“…Even though D. ferruginea could potentially occur in the Araucaria Moist forests, it is found only marginally in this region, which could be caused by the presence of its sister species D. rubricollis. In fact, D. ferruginea and D. rubricollis occur symparically only at middle elevations in a narrow strip of the southeastern mountains of Brazil (RAJÃO & CERQUEIRA 2006 The potential distribution of D. squamata is certainly the most distinctive. Contrasting with the potential distributions of the other five species, it extends farthest north and occupies a more restricted area in the southern Araucaria Moist Forests and Alto Paraná Atlantic Forests ecoregions.…”

“…Drymophila occurs from sea level to an elevation of 2,000 m, and the included species are geographically superimposed (WILLIS 1988, RIDGELY & TUDOR 1994, SICK 1997, LEME 2001, ZIMMER & ISLER 2003, RAJÃO & CERQUEIRA 2006. In a study on the elevational distribution and sympatry of Drymophila species in the Atlantic Forest, RAJÃO & CERQUEIRA (2006) demonstrated that, for most part, only one or two species occur in each locality, although up to six species have been registered in a few places. Their analysis also revealed that co-occurrence of species is restricted to narrow elevation bands, suggesting a low to moderate degree of sympatry and syntopy.…”