Brasacanthus sphoeroides gen. n., sp. n. (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) from a coastal marine fish of Paraná State, Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Brasacanlizus sphoeroides gen. n .. sp. n. is described from the marine fish, Sphoeroides greeleyi (Steindachner), taken in Paranagua Bay, Parana State, Brazil. The new genus differs from Acalilhocep/w/us Koelreuter, 177!. the nearest genus in the fami ly Echinorhynchidae, by having very flat and variable lemnisci in both sexes and a uterine egg reservoir in the female. The species is characterized by its spherical body form and in having parallel or diagonal testes. KEY WORDS. Acanthocephala, fish parasite, puffer parasite, Parana, Brazil, South America Acanthocephalans occur in all classes of vertebrate hosts and are common endoparasites of fishes. THATCHER (1991) listed 32 species in 14 genera from Amazonian freshwater fishes. About 20 species have been reported from Neotropical marine fishes but only three of these are known to occur in Brazil (Y AMAGUTI 1963). The present paper describes a new genus and species of acanthocephalan from a marine "puffer", Sphoeroides greeleyi (Stindachner). MATERIAL AND METHODSFish hosts were netted in Paranagua Bay, Parana State, Brazil, and brought on ice to the Department of Zoology of the Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, for examination. The still living acanthocephalans were removed from the intestinal tracts of their hosts and kept in tap water until the proboscides were well extended. They were then fixed in hot alcohol-formalin-acetic acid (AFA) solution for 24 hours. After fixation, the worms were pierced with a fine need le, stained in 95% alcohol containing equal parts of orange-g and eosin stains, dehydrated in phenol, cleared in methyl salicylate and mounted in Canada balsam. Drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida. and photomicrographs with a digital camera mounted on a light microscope. Measurements were made with a measuring ocular and are given in micrometers (11m) except where indicated as millimeters (mm). The extremes are followed by the means in parentheses.

The systematics of Echinorhynchus Zoega in Müller, 1776 (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) elucidated by nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from eight European taxa

“…Three regular pairs of cement glands are typical of the many species of Acanthocephalus and Pseudoacanthocephalus , whereas the monotypic Pilum is characterized by four regular pairs ( Petrochenko 1956 , Williams 1976 ). Anuracanthorhynchus tritaxisentis Bursey, Vreibradic, Hatano & Rocha, 2006 and Brasacanthus sphoeroides Thatcher, 2001, the type-species and sole representatives of their respective genera, have their cement glands arranged in parallel, a pattern not found in Echinorhynchus (see Thatcher 2001 , Bursey et al 2006 ). The only species in the outgroup to display its six cement glands in the moniliform pattern is Frilloechinorhynchus meyeri (Gupta & Naqvi, 1986) (see Bhattacharya 2007 ).…”

Acanthocephalus amini n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from the freshwater fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther) (Cichlidae) in Mexico

“…The shape of the body, size of the proboscis and shape of the uterus of the new species are similar to those of Brasacanthus sphoeroides Thatcher, 2001, an echinorhynchid parasite of Sphoeroides greeleyi, a marine tetraodontid fish from Brazil. However, B. sphoeroides (# 2,460-3,530 9 1,090-1,700; 3,650-6,080 9 1,540-3,120 lm) is larger than the new species (# 1,966-3,135 9 1,092-1,491; $ 3,230-3,800 9 1,615-1,795 lm).…”

“…It also differs from other species by having two conspicuous longitudinal areas devoid of hooks, one to either side of the proboscis. It also has a large, robust, cylindrical uterus (''uterine egg reservoir'' sensu Thatcher, 2001), that clearly distinguishes it from all previously described species. Amin (1984Amin ( , 1985aAmin ( , 1986 and Amin & Huffman (1984) recognised three species of Acanthocephalus in North American freshwater fishes and suggested that they can be arranged into two presumably natural groups, primarily by size: the southern species A. alabamensis Amin & Williams, 1983and A. tahlequahensis Oetinger & Buckner, 1976are smaller than A. dirus (Van Cleave, 1931) Van Cleave & Townsend, 1936, which is included in a group of larger species (Amin, 1984) that are more widely distributed in eastern North America.…”

Conhecimento Ictioparasitológico Tradicional Dos Pescadores Artesanais Do Rio Jaguaripe, Bahia, Nordeste Do Brasil

“…Sphoeroides, há registros de diferentes táxons em várias partes do mundo, incluindo o Brasil(MARTÍNEZ-AQUINO et al, 2020;FAJER-ÁVILA et al, 2011;ÁLVAREZ-BORREGO e FÁJER-ÁVILA, 2006;DYKOVÁ et al, 2002;THATCHER, 2001;VIDAL-MARTÍNEZ e MENDOZA-FRANCO, 2008).Sphoeroides spengleri tem importância ornamental (FROESE e PAULY, 2019), mas 51,8% dos participantes em ambas as comunidades disseram que o peixe é consumido. Os registros científicos de parasitos nestes três táxons de peixes endossam o conhecimento tradicional local.…”