Ocorrência de Mirounga leonina Linnaeus (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) no extremo-sul do Brasil: agressão e patologias

Abstract

ABSTRACT. OCCURRENCE 01' MIROUNGA LEONINA LINNAEUS (PINNIPEDIA, PHOCIDAE) FROM SOUTIIERNMOST BRAZIL: INJURY AND PATIIOLOGIES. A male specimen of Mirolmga leonina Linnaeus, 1758 age estimated between 7-8 years old, collected at Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande do Sul State, southemmost Brazil (32°44' S and 53°22'W) is presented. Ali the skeleton was recovered except the rostral region. II shows an advanced osteomyelitis in the left dentary, extending from the synfisis until the middle portion ofthe body; as well as Scheuennann disease at lumbar veltebrae. Such diseases could explain its presence at that locality, where it was silo!. The bullet was recovered from the rostrum, and might be responsible for death. This is the first virtually complete skeleton of M. leonina recovered from Brazilian coas!.

Conflicts with fisheries and intentional killing of freshwater dolphins (Cetacea: Odontoceti) in the Western Brazilian Amazon

“…Simões-Lopes and Ximenez (1990) reported two cases of human aggression toward Sotalia guianensis in the Baía Norte of Santa Catarina Island, where knife cuts and strikes were also the probable cause of death. Pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) in the southern region of Brazil are often shot at, victims of the conflict with fishermen (Rosas 1989;Drehmer et al 1998). Such retaliatory measure is usually related to competition for prey or damage to fishing gear.…”

Dental anomalies in the atlantic population of south american sea lion, <i>Otaria byronia</i> (Pinnipedia, Otariidae): evolutionary implications and ecological approach

“…Pinnipeds in general and otariids in particular, are naturally exposed to traumatic dental loss and dental pathologies (Drehmer and Ferigolo, 1996;Erb et al, 1996;Drehmer et al, 1998) due to several factors probably related to aggressive behavior (Campagna et al, 1988;Vila and Cassini, 1990). Indeed, natural tooth wear is characteristic for this species -typical for the inner surface of lower canines due to occlusion with upper ones -been more critical in older individuals.…”

Osteological alterations in the tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis (cetacea, delphinidae)

“…There are reports of osteomyelitis occurring in the oral region and the spine of Sotalia guianensis (van Bressem et al, 2007;Simões-Lopes et al, 2008), Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kompanje, 1995c), Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Gray, 1846) (Kompanje, 1995b), Phocoena spinipinis Burmeister, 1865 (Montes et al, 2004), Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809) (Sweeney et al, 2005), Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844) (Gerholdt, 2006), Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828 (Loch et al, 2011;van Bressem et al, 2007), Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) and Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846) (van Bressem et al, 2007); Megaptera novaengliae (Borowski, 1781) (Felix et al, 2007). Kompange (1995c) suggested that dental injuries can function as a "gate" for infectious agents, since these infections are usually followed by penetrating wounds or fractures , or simply by normal wear and tear of the teeth that may eventually expose the pulp cavity, creating a mean of entry for infectious agents (Drehmer et al, 1998). The current study represents the first report of osteomyelitis occurring in Sotalia fluviatilis.…”