Sistema nacional de educação: desafio para uma educação igualitária e federativa

Abstract

RESUMO: Este artigo pretende indicar, seja do ponto de vista histó-rico-social, seja do ponto de vista jurídico-político, as barreiras pelas quais o Brasil jamais logrou êxito em instituir um sistema nacional de educação tal como outros países o fizeram. Do ponto de vista histó-rico-social, a barreira nasce da atávica desigualdade social cujo peso se fez presente na educação e, do ponto de vista jurídico-político, a forma histórica com que se revestiu nosso federalismo gerou uma interpretação de que tal sistema ofenderia a autonomia dos entes federativos estaduais e municipais. A busca por um sistema nacional de educação deve enfrentar, sobretudo, a barreira jurídico-política.Palavras-chave: Sistema Nacional de Educação. Sistema de educação e federalismo. Sistema de educação e desigualdade Social. BRAZILIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM: THE CHALLENGE OF AN EGALITARIAN AND FEDERATIVE EDUCATIONABSTRACT: This paper appoints the obstacles to build a National Education System in Brazil. From the historical and social points of view, these barriers arise from our inveterate inequality whose effects are still being felt. From the political and juridical points of view, a National Education System appears as an intrusion into federalism. Building this system requires facing these obstacles, especially the political-juridical ones.

Sistema Nacional de Educação e Planejamento no Brasil

“…In a second moment, when analyzing the federative pact, it demonstrated, via political juridical regulation, how a duplicity was constructed in the Brazilian educational system, without the constitution of a national system. Cury (2008) supports the permanence of the exposed diagnostic since the Manifesto in the persistence of contradictory movements of the Nation-State: The divorce between federation entities and the capitalist structure of social classes.…”

“…The planning of the national system of education now includes specific actions of the federal government for the distribution of resources as a means of systemic approach to school education throughout the country. Cury (2008), in the context of the preparation of the I Education National Conference of 2010 -with repercussions among Brazilian educators and researches -also reiterated a theme in the Pioneer Manifesto of New Education, by questioning the reasons why the country has never succeeded in instituting a national education system, as several other countries have. In this article we find two answers to this question, which guide a a new cognitive framework for the planning of propositions for the national education system.…”

“…In this article we find two answers to this question, which guide a a new cognitive framework for the planning of propositions for the national education system. Initially Cury (2008) exposes that the extreme socio-economic inequalities impacted the organization and the functioning of the educational system in the country. In a second moment, when analyzing the federative pact, it demonstrated, via political juridical regulation, how a duplicity was constructed in the Brazilian educational system, without the constitution of a national system.…”

“…(Cury, 2008, p. 1.189 and 1.199) In this article of reference for debates that have discussed the National Education Conference in 2010, Cury (2008) adds the idea of a unified organization that includes the whole territory to the term "national system": a territorially unique/unified system in opposition to persistent inequalities is important. Cury's (2008) position in this sense, is not totally cohesive with the terms proposed at the Manifesto, because it states:…”

Documentos de política científica e educacional: convergências em torno da educação básica

“…Porém, para Cury (2008), o Brasil não logrou êxito em estabelecer um SNE, por duas razões: a primeira, de ordem histórico-social, relacionada à nossa desigualdade social; a segunda, de ordem jurídico-política, pela formação "histórica com que se revestiu nosso federalismo (o qual) gerou uma interpretação de que tal sistema ofenderia a autonomia dos entes federados estaduais e municipais" (p. 1187).…”