Relações federativas nas políticas sociais

Abstract

RESUMO: O artigo apresenta os conceitos de Estado federativo e descentralização, demonstrando suas distinções. Mostra que, no Brasil, a restauração do federalismo, no final dos anos 80, ocorreu anteriormente à descentralização das políticas sociais, no final dos anos 90. Demonstra também que, no tocante à descentralização das políticas sociais, a trajetória do Brasil guarda semelhanças com as relações federativas nos EUA, em virtude da baixa centralidade das políticas sociais na agenda dos governos locais.Palavras-chave: Estado federativo. Políticas sociais. Descentralização. FEDERAL STATES AND SOCIAL POLICIESABSTRACT: Through the analysis of the concepts of Federal States and decentralization, this paper aims at demonstrating the distinctions between both. It shows that, in Brazil, federalism was reinstated in the late 1980s, prior to the social policies decentralization, in the late 1990s. It pinpoints that, owing to the lack of importance of social policies in local administrations, Brazil presents a decentralization pattern similar to that of North-America.

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“…In the case of Brazil, decentralization has raised implications from a social perspective, proposing that this implies a revision of the governmental action aimed at greater democratization in the decision making processes to improve the impact of social policies. 3 In terms of the governmental dynamic between levels of government, the relevance of establishing a debate on federalism compared with state units has been raised, taking into account that both forms of organization have implications on the forms of distribution of political authority between levels of government in terms of autonomy or delegation of power. 3 Another level of analysis refers to the implications of coordination and autonomy of decentralization.…”

“…3 In terms of the governmental dynamic between levels of government, the relevance of establishing a debate on federalism compared with state units has been raised, taking into account that both forms of organization have implications on the forms of distribution of political authority between levels of government in terms of autonomy or delegation of power. 3 Another level of analysis refers to the implications of coordination and autonomy of decentralization. In this respect, it suggested that the federal states tend to face greater problems of governmental effi ciency in terms of social costs due to the dispersion of political authority and the internal concentration of collective decision, a topic which encompasses highly complex dimensions of coordination and autonomy.…”

“…In this respect, it suggested that the federal states tend to face greater problems of governmental effi ciency in terms of social costs due to the dispersion of political authority and the internal concentration of collective decision, a topic which encompasses highly complex dimensions of coordination and autonomy. 3,5 In the case of Mexico, although there is vast experience in the study of the managing of sectorial public policy, further analysis from a sociological focus is needed to analyze the effects of decentralization given the prevalent governmental centralism in formulating health care policy. g…”

O SUS nos seus 20 anos: reflexões num contexto de mudanças

“…No entanto, a descentralização, entendida como forma de transferência de recursos e delegação de funções entre os níveis de governo (Arretche, 2002), entra em vigor com o movimento de reforma e estabelece que os serviços de saúde podem ser melhor coordenados e atender de modo mais preciso aos anseios e necessidades dos usuários através da municipalização.…”

“…Esse processo de descentralização no Brasil envolve a transferência de serviços, responsabilidades, poder e recursos da esfera federal para a municipal. Ao longo da década de 1990, foi verificada uma grande aceitação dos municípios pela municipalização, a qual pode ser explicada pelo interesse em aumentar a renda orçamentária de suas receitas, o que é perceptível quando, no ano de 2000, 99% dos municípios estavam habilitados no Sistema Único de Saúde (Arretche, 2002).…”