Fatores associados ao comportamento alimentar inadequado em adolescentes escolares

Abstract

ResumoContexto: Evidências demonstram que a prevalência do comportamento alimentar inadequado (CAI) entre jovens tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Parece que a insatisfação corporal (IC), a prática excessiva de exercício físico, a composição corporal, o nível econômico (NE), além da etnia, podem ser fatores de risco para o CAI. Objetivo: Associar IC, grau de comprometimento psicológico ao exercício (GCPE), adiposidade corporal (AC), estado nutricional (EN AbstractBackground: Evidence shows that the prevalence of inappropriate eating behavior (CAI) among young people has increased in recent years. It seems that body dissatisfaction (IC), the practice of excessive exercise, body composition, the socioeconomic status (NE), and ethnicity may be risk factors for CAI. Objective: To associate IC, degree of psychological impairment to exercise (GCPE), adiposity (AC), nutritional status (EN), NE and ethnicity with CAI in adolescents. Methods: Participants 362 young people of both sexes aged between 10 and 19 years. We used the Eating Attitudes Test to assess the CAI. The Body Shape Exercise Questionnaire and Commitment Exercise Scale were used to measure IC and GCPE, respectively. We evaluated skinfold thickness is to classify the AC second sex. Weight and height were measured to calculate the index of mass (BMI) and classify the EN. The NE was evaluated by Brazil Economic Classification. Questionnaire was used that sought to assess ethnicity, age and sex. Results: The results showed association of CAI with IC, GCPE and NE in females (p < 0.05). Among boys, IC, AC and EN were associated with CAI (p < 0.05). Discussion: It was concluded that IC was the main predictor of risk for the CAI.

Risk behaviors for eating disorders and depressive symptoms: a study of female adolescents in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

“…Nearly 30% of the adolescent girls in the current study were overweight or obese, which can be considered a public health problem according to some authors 8 . The study also showed higher frequency of risk behaviors for eating disorders among adolescent girls with overweight/obesity, corroborating other studies 8,26 . The girls with excess body fat thus appear to adopt food restriction, self-induced vomiting, and purging with the aim of losing weight and fitting into socially established aesthetic norms 10,12 .…”

“…Likewise, the current study pointed to a statistically significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and risk behaviors for eating disorders. Thus, preoccupation with weight and physical appearance appears to leave adolescent girls more prone to the adoption of food restriction and purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives/diuretics, as demonstrated in other studies 1,5,8,20,26 .…”

“…Thus, other aspects beyond depressive symptoms may relate to risk behaviors for eating disorders in female adolescents, for example, interpersonal aspects (perfectionism and self-esteem) 10 , morphological aspects (BMI and body fat) 8 , and socio-demographic aspects (ethnicity and gender) 5 . Evidence has shown repeatedly that young people with overweight/obesity are more prone to risk behaviors for eating disorders 8,26 . Nearly 30% of the adolescent girls in the current study were overweight or obese, which can be considered a public health problem according to some authors 8 .…”

“…Risk behaviors for eating disorders may be coping strategies that some girls use to reduce their stress levels, specifically depressive feelings. Considering that many adolescent girls experience situations in their lives that make them more susceptible to depressive symptoms 3 , some may use various strategies to cope with the stressor 26 , namely listening to music, creating optimistic thoughts, or using behaviors to lose weight, for example risk behaviors for eating disorders. Still, scientific research is needed to determine whether adolescents in fact use risk behaviors for eating disorders as coping strategies to mitigate negative feelings.…”

Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes: uma investigação longitudinal

“…The increase in lean mass that occurs during adolescence in males may be considered a protective factor against the development of feelings and thoughts of dislike against one's own body 7,29 . Nevertheless, some authors emphasize that the ideal body may vary according to culture 15,23,[30][31][32] . So it is possible that in some cultures, a gain in muscle mass is not good for the body image of male adolescents.…”