Perfil dos frequentadores de atividades culturais: o caso nas metrópoles brasileiras

Abstract

Este artigo investiga os fatores associados à frequência de indivíduos em eventos culturais com desembolso direto, ou seja, pagamento de ingressos de sessões de cinema, peças de teatro, concertos musicais, shows e exposições artísticas. Por meio de um modelo Probit estima-se, para os anos de 2002-2003 e 2008-2009, a probabilidade de ocorrência desse gasto, considerando-se o perfil socioeconômico do consumidor, efeito do tempo livre (ausência de filhos menores no domicílio) e o efeito de um possível "vício positivo", como proposto por Stigler e Becker (1977) que, neste estudo, é tratado pelo uso de uma variável indicadora de gasto com educação artística e instrumentos musicais, sugerindo complementaridade entre consumo passado e presente. A fonte de dados é a Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF), organizada pelo IBGE. Os resultados mostram que renda e escolaridade são os principais fatores associados ao perfil do consumidor de cultura fora do domicílio, mas evidenciam, também, que gastos com educação artística contribuem positivamente para frequência a eventos culturais.

Consumption of cultural goods and services and time allocation in Brazil

“…These results suggest that culture consumption in Brazil is heavily dependent on previously acquired habits, as addressed by the model proposed by Stigler and Becker (1977), and discussed by Morrison and West (1986), Lévy-Garboua and Montmarquette (2002), Upright (2004) and Ateca-Amestoy (2008), and on social relations, as addressed by Upright (2004) and Lazzaro and Frateschi (2015). Paglioto and Machado (2012) empirically applied this perspective to Brazilian data to explain attendance to cultural events outside the household. They used temporal lagged expenditures to observe if there was interdependency of expenditures between periods.…”

“…Table A2 (Appendix) shows the expenditures selected from HBS, associated with direct or indirect/complementary cultural-artistic goods and services. This selection was based on Diniz and Machado (2011) and Paglioto and Machado (2012). Nearly 70% of the sampled population did not declare any expenditure on culture.…”

“…Individuals living in households with small children tend to have less income and time availability. This tendency is especially strong for women (Ringstad;Loyland, 2006;Muñiz et al, 2011;Paglioto;Machado, 2012), whether or not they are married. (Fernández-Blanco, 2004).…”

“…Some authors empirically addressed the relationship among culture consumption, income, and time availability (Withers, 1980;Werck;Heyndels, 2007;Zieba, 2009;Muñiz et al, 2011;Lazzaro;Frateschi, 2015). However, studies discussing consumption of culture in Brazil have only analyzed factors associated with expenditures (Diniz;Machado, 2011;Paglioto;Machado, 2012) and have not discussed time allocation, another important feature that should also be addressed while discussing culture consumption.…”

Economic Impacts of the Vale-Cultura (Culture Voucher): A Computable General Equilibrium Model

“…The cultural sector is defined as a set of goods and services that includes artistic creativity in its production 2 . Examples of activities in this sector include crafts, theatre plays, video games, movies in general, among others.…”