Os processos auto-organizacionais do goalball

Ball trajectories and the probability of scoring a goal in elite male goalball throws

“…Ball control precedes each attack and starts after ball defence, official eujapa.upol.cz time outs (i.e., goals, court repair, noise), or when the ball is dropped by a referee or by a goal judge back into play. Attack preparation occurs with one player or multiple players being involved in the offensive situation (Morato, Furtado, Gamero, Magalhães, & Almeida, 2017;Morato, Gomes, & Almeida, 2012). Regarding the act of throwing, attackers often move three or four steps forward, either linearly (frontal throw) or rotationally (spin throw) (Bowerman, Davis, Ford, & Nichols, 2011), ultimately releasing the ball from the same sector where the ball was controlled or moving to another sector.…”

“…In the defensive balance, athletes return to their position in the court's orientation area. This positioning rarely differs from a traditional triangular configuration, where wings sit close to the side out lines, whereas the centre player stays between them and more forward in the orientation area (Morato et al, 2012). Athletes usually find their place on court using multiple clues, such as the goalpost, raised lines marked on the floor, an audible sound provided by a teammate, or even by relying on very accurate spatial orientation (Velten, Ugrinowitsch, Portes, Hermann, & Bläsing, 2016).…”

Relationships Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Parameters With Game Technical Performance in Elite Goalball Athletes

“…Goalball is a Paralympic sport for people with visual impairment. The official game comprises two halves of 12 min with three teammates on each side of the court, who successively perform offensive and defensive actions ( Morato et al, 2012 ). The majority of studies with goalball players have examined functional, anthropometric, and morphological evaluation aspects ( Çolak et al, 2004 ; Karakaya et al, 2009 ; Calıskan et al, 2011 ; Scherer et al, 2012 ; Molik et al, 2015 ; da Cunha Furtado et al, 2016 ).…”

“…The majority of studies with goalball players have examined functional, anthropometric, and morphological evaluation aspects ( Çolak et al, 2004 ; Karakaya et al, 2009 ; Calıskan et al, 2011 ; Scherer et al, 2012 ; Molik et al, 2015 ; da Cunha Furtado et al, 2016 ). Other studies analyzed aerobic parameters in field tests ( Çolak et al, 2004 ; Karakaya et al, 2009 ; Gulick and Malone, 2011 ; da Cunha Furtado et al, 2016 ), and technical-tactical performances in tests or during the game ( Stamou et al, 2007 ; Bowerman et al, 2011 ; Morato et al, 2012 , 2017 , 2018; Molik et al, 2015 ; Link and Weber, 2018 ; Monezi et al, 2018 ). However, only one study investigated physiological responses during the game ( Theophilos et al, 2005 ).…”

“…Besides the use of physiological responses to verify the energy required during the game, systematic video observation can provide important information about technical and tactical demand ( Hughes and Bartlett, 2002 ), mainly through descriptive analysis, which is proposed to identify, describe, and characterize performance ( Marcelino et al, 2011 ). Considering the self-organizing in a goalball game ( Morato et al, 2012 ), observational categories and performance indicators allow analysis about offensive and defensive aspects ( Morato et al, 2018 ). The majority of recent studies have been concerned with goalball attack, mainly shot effectiveness ( Link and Weber, 2018 ), time-motion analysis of different throwing techniques ( Monezi et al, 2018 ), and characterization of ball time, considering the ball type and ball trajectory ( Morato et al, 2018 ), leaving aside physiological behavior during the game and, consequently, its influence on self-organization in both offensive and defensive situations.…”